Zida zopangidwa ndi zikopa zinalowetsa mmoyo mwathu, kutenga malo olemekezeka. Zovala, zipangizo, zikopa zamkati zamkati ndi zizindikiro zenizeni za mawonekedwe ndi kutchuka ndipo, ngakhale kuti ziwonetsero zonse za oteteza nyama zakutchire, musataye kufunika kwawo. Kutchuka kwa khungu n'kosavuta kufotokoza - ndi zachilengedwe, zothandiza ndi zokongola zomwe ngakhale ngakhale zamakono zamakono zosakanikirana sizigwirizana ndi khalidwe.
Mabokosi a zikopa: zochepa za mbiriyakale
Kwa nthawi yayitali anthu sakufuna kungoti kulimbitsa ndi kuwalimbikitsa, komanso kukongoletsa makoma a nyumba zawo. Zikopa za zinyama zakutchire zinali zoyenera pa izi komanso momwe zingathere, kotero tingathe kuganiza kuti njira yatsopano yopangira mkati - kukongoletsa kwa makoma ndi chikopa chachilengedwe, imabwerera ku nthawi zakale. Pambuyo pake lingaliroli linapangidwa mkati mwa nyengo ya Baroque.
Masiku ano, chikopa ngati chinthu chokongoletsera makoma chinayamba kutchuka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 80 za zana lapitalo, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kalembedwe ka techno, kupindula bwino ndikupatsirana mosamalitsa pa galasi, konkire ndi zitsulo. Tsamba lachikopa limapindulitsa bwino mapangidwe oonekera komanso "ozizira", kupatsa nyumba ndi maofesi malo abwino komanso kuwonjezera mlengalenga kukhala otetezeka ndi odalirika. Zithunzi zochititsa chidwi zoterezi zikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi zithunzi zomwe zimapezeka m'magulu komanso m'maganizo a aliyense wokhala mkatikatikati mwa makoma, ngati kuti munthu wina wakale amadzuka, amadyetsa bwino komanso amakhala chete m'makhalidwe a anthu ena m'mapanga a mphanga, atapachikidwa ndi zikopa za mammoths omwe amafa.
Tsopano pakupanga mapepala a khungu, makamaka zikopa za ng'ombe za ku North America zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena m'malo awo ochepa kwambiri, kudula ku gawo la occipital. Khungu limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi tannins apadera, kenako utoto umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa chomera. Kawirikawiri, zipangizo zamakoma zili ndi matayala, owoneka ndi zikopa.
Ubwino wa zikopa zamakono
Inde, mukhoza kupulumutsa ndi kumanga makomawo ndi pepala lapadera lachitsulo ndi chikopa chachitsulo. Iwo, mofanana, amawoneka okongola kwambiri, amafanana ndi khungu kukhudza ndi kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino. Koma iwo ali kutali ndi khungu lenileni, monga kukonzanso makoma ndi zinthu zakuthupi kuli ndi ubwino wosatsutsika:
- Tsamba lachikopa, chifukwa cha chilengedwe ndi zinthu zomwe zimayendetsedwa, ndizowononga zachilengedwe, sizikutulutsa mpweya woopsa ndipo, motero, zimakhala zotetezeka kwa anthu okhalamo;
- khungu limatulutsa phokoso, choncho limapanga ntchito ya kutentha;
- Code sichikhoza kuyaka, zomwe ndi zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi chitetezo chake;
- Tsamba lachikopa labwino limalolera bwino kuuma ndi chinyezi, komanso kusagwedezeka kwambiri kuwonongeka;
- Kukhala ndi moyo wautali - mwinamwake, ulemu waukulu komanso wosatsutsika wa khungu. Pakapita nthawi, imataya maonekedwe ake ndi katundu, koma imangowonjezereka, kutsindika kukongola ndi chitonthozo cha chipinda.
Zoona, khungu lokongoletsera makoma silimveka konse ndipo silingakhale loyenera kwa zonse zamkati. Udindo wofunikira umasewera ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Zifukwa izi zimatilola kuganizira makoma a zikopa monga chizindikiro cha chipadera chapadera komanso chokhacho, chofikira kwa anthu olemekezeka okha.
Zoonadi, njira yovuta komanso yosautsa yopangira makoma okhala ndi zikopa za khungu ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa akatswiri, chifukwa cholakwika chilichonse chidzapindulitsa kwambiri. Inde, ndipo mapangidwe omwewo amatha bwino ndi akatswiri omwe, ngati kuli kotheka, angathe "kuchepetsa" chikopacho ndi choyamba ndi nsalu ndi nkhuni .
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