Pakati pa mankhwala omwe akumva ndi kukhumudwitsa, chimodzi mwa malo oyamba ndi meldonia, zomwe zimakhudza thupi lomwe silikusowa madokotala ndi odwala okha, komanso othamanga, asilikali komanso anthu wamba omwe alibe mavuto apadera. Kodi mungatani kuti mutenge meldonium, zotsatira zake zitabwera pambuyo pa kulandira, tidzakambirana zambiri.
Meldonius - mankhwalawa ndi chiyani?
Compound meldonium (Mildronate - dzina la malonda la mankhwala) linapangidwa m'zaka makumi asanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya Latvia Kalvinshem ndipo poyamba anagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ulimi pofuna kulimbikitsa kukula kwa nyama, nkhuku ndi zomera. Thupi ndilo liwu lofanana ndi la gamma-butyrobetaine, chotsatira cha carnitine, chinthu chomwe chimapangidwa m'thupi kuti chikhale ntchito zofunika. Imodzi mwa ntchito za carnitine zimagwirizana ndi njira zamagetsi ndipo zimaphatikizapo kutumiza mafuta acids mu maselo a minofu, kumene mafuta amatembenuka kukhala mphamvu.
Kuchokera mu 1984, meldoonia, zomwe thupi lawo laphunziridwa mpaka lero, zinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachipatala. Mu 2012, adaikidwa m'ndandanda wa mankhwala ofunika kwambiri ku Russia, ndipo mu 2015 bungwe la World Anti-Doping Agency linaletsa mankhwalawa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mu masewera apamwamba (ochita kafukufuku akunja adapeza kuti meldonium ndi doping). Lero mankhwalawa amapezeka m'ma pharmacies mu mitundu itatu: makapisozi, madzi ndi yankho la jekeseni.
Meldonium - mfundo yogwira ntchito
Tidzazindikira momwe muldonium imakhudzira ziwalo za thupi. Kuchokera pa chigawochi, kukhala chifaniziro cha masewera a gamma-butyrobetaine, kungachititse kuti kuchepa kwa carnitine kukhale kochepa, izi zimaphatikizapo kuchepa kwa kayendedwe ka mafuta ku maselo a minofu. Izi zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri panthawi ya kuchepa kwa oxygen yomwe imapezeka ndi minofu ya mtima, popeza kuti kudya kwa acids nthawi zonse ndi kusowa kwa oxygen kamodzi, kusakanikirana kwa mafuta ochepa kumakhala ndi kusonkhanitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa mtima.
Kuwonjezera pa kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya mafuta ya mafuta m'thupi mwa meldonia kuwonjezeka kwa kayendedwe kake kagayidwe ka chakudya, komwe kumafuna mpweya wochepa. Chifukwa cha ichi, kupanga mapangidwe amphamvu a ATP (mphamvu zowonjezera), kubwezeretsa pakati pa kufunikira kwa maselo mu mpweya ndi kubwezeretsa kwake mwazi, kumathetsa kusungunuka kwa mankhwala oopsa m'maselo.
Kuphatikiza apo, pamodzi ndi njirazi, kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mu gamma-butyrobetaine, zomwe zili ndi vasodilating properties, zikuwonetsedwa. Izi zimaphatikizapo kutulutsa mitsempha ya mitsempha yosalala, kukulitsa mitsempha ya mitsempha ya magazi, kuyendetsa magazi, zomwe zimayendetsedwa kumadera a zisomo.
Tiyeni tiwone zonse zomwe zimapindula ndi kulandira meldonia:
- myocardioprotective;
- antihypoxic;
- chowopsa;
- chotsutsa-anginal;
- kusintha kwa magazi;
- chisokonezo;
- kupirira kwakukulu, kugwira ntchito;
- kubwezeretsa kwa malo osungira mphamvu mu kanthawi kochepa;
- kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa zizindikiro za maganizo ndi thupi;
- chiwerengero cha maselo osatetezeka;
- kuthetsa vuto la kumwa mowa.
Kodi ntchito ya meldonium ndi yotani?
Popeza kuti thupi limapangitsa kuti thupi likhale ndi meldonium, limalimbikitsa kuligwiritsa ntchito pazifukwa zosiyana ndi kuchepa kwa oxygen ndi kuwonjezeka kwa nkhawa. Kawirikawiri, chifukwa cha zamankhwala, mankhwalawa si mankhwala aakulu ndipo sagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana, koma amalembedwa ngati gawo la mankhwala oyenera. Meldonia umboni mu mankhwala ndi awa:
- kuperewera kwa mtima;
- chithandizo;
- myocardial infarction;
- angina pectoris;
- kupweteka kwa myocardial dystrophy;
- kusokonezeka kwa kayendetsedwe kake ka mtima kamene kamakhala kakugwira ntchito muunyamata;
- matenda osokoneza ubongo m'mabuku;
- kupweteka kwa ubongo;
- kusakwanira;
- Matenda a maso omwe amayendetsedwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa magazi m'thupi la retina la diso;
- kutaya magazi m'diso la diso;
- kupweteka kwa mitsempha kapena maselo a retina yamaso;
- matenda odwala matenda a shuga kapena chiwopsezo chachikulu cha shuga;
- kumwa mowa;
- Matenda a kupuma, pamodzi ndi kusowa kwa oxygen (matenda opweteka, kutupa kwa mphumu);
- kuchepa mu kuganiza kwaumaganizo kapena thupi la chiyambi chosiyana;
- Patapita nthawi yopita opaleshoni zosiyanasiyana.
Meldonium - ntchito
Gwiritsani ntchito meldonium m'mapiritsi, madzi kapena mujakisoni (mwachindunji, mwachangu kapena parabulbar - kulengeza kudzera pakhungu la khungu la m'munsi). Mlingo, kuchulukana ndi nthawi ya phwando zimatsimikiziridwa payekha, malinga ndi momwe matenda a mthupili akugwiritsira ntchito. Ndikoyenera kumvetsetsa kuti mankhwalawa sangathe kutengedwa popanda cholinga chachipatala, chifukwa kusokonezeka kwapangidwe kogwira ntchito kwa mtima, kupunduka kwa kagayidwe kake kamene kamangokhalako kungakhale ndi zotsatira zoipa.
Meldonium kwa othamanga
Podziwa kuti muldonia ikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zotani pa thupi, zimawonekeratu chifukwa chake othamanga amachigwiritsa ntchito. Chidacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa masewera osiyanasiyana: masewera, tennis, biathlon, kumenyana, kumanga thupi, kusambira ndi ena. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasewera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokwaniritsa zotsatirazi:
- kupewa kupezeka m'maselo a mankhwala osokoneza bongo a unacidified mafuta acids;
- Kusamalira mphamvu zamagetsi ku maselo a mtima ndi kusintha kwa moyo wawo;
- kuwonjezereka kwa mgwirizano wamagalimoto;
- zakudya zabwino zokhudzana ndi minofu;
- kuonjezera mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya maphunziro;
- kuchepetsa kutopa;
- Kukula kwa thupi pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa mankhwala kwa othamanga ndi 15-20 mg pa kilogalamu ya kulemera mu mawonekedwe a capsule. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa mphindi 30-40 musanayambe kugwira ntchito. Njira yovomerezeka ikuchokera pa imodzi kufika pa miyezi iwiriyi, kenako mutha kupuma kwa mwezi umodzi. Pambuyo pa mpikisano meldonium amavomerezedwa mkati mwa masabata 2-3, ndipo panthawi ya mpikisano - osapitirira masiku 14. Pakali pano, mankhwalawa amaletsedwa mu masewera akulu, ndipo olowa nawo, omwe magazi awo amawapeza, sakuyenera.
Meldonias mu shuga
Posachedwapa, mildonia yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mtundu wa 2 ndi mtundu wa shuga 1, malinga ndi kafukufuku amene amasonyeza kuti angathe kutenga mankhwala kuti asachepe shuga m'magazi. Pa nthawi yomweyi, insulini imakula. Kawirikawiri ndi matendawa, mankhwalawa amalembedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo metformin (wothandizira shuga ku gulu la biguanide). Mankhwalawa, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa shuga wa magazi, amapereka zotsatira zotsatirazi:
- kupewa matenda osokoneza bongo;
- chithandizo cha minofu ya mtima, kubwezeretsa kayendedwe ka kagayidwe kake;
- kupewa chitukuko cha shuga ya asidi, matenda a ubongo ndi kunenepa kwambiri;
- kupewa matenda a retinal.
Meldonias ndi arrhythmia wa mtima
Ngati minofu ya mtima imagwira ntchito molakwika, mtima wamtunduwu umasweka - ndi arrhythmia. Pachifukwa ichi, akatswiri akhoza kulangiza meldonium, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amasonyeza zotsatira zabwino. Pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa mu mankhwala ovuta, n'zotheka kukwaniritsa kukhazikika kwa kugunda kwa mtima. Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa odwala, chiopsezo cha angina pectoris , kapangidwe ka myocardial infarction kachepa.
Meldonium ku pressure
Meldonium, yomwe thupi lake limagwira ntchito kwambiri pamaganizo a moyo, zimakhala zothandiza kwa odwala kwambiri. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti mankhwalawa, pamodzi ndi zotsatira zochizira kwambiri (zomwe ndizofunika kwambiri pofuna kuchepetsa kupanikizika), zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi - chomwe chimayambitsa matenda oopsa kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, odwala angalimbikitsidwe kugwiritsa ntchito meldonium intramuscularly.
Meldonium ndi uchidakwa
Meldonia yodalirika kuchokera ku chimbudzi, mawonetseredwe a kusuta kwachilendo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chizolowezi choledzeretsa. Mankhwalawa amangowonjezera ubwino, komanso amalepheretsa zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zotsatira za mowa mumtima ndi ubongo. Mlingo wokhawokha womwe ulipo pakali pano ndi 500 mg, omwe amatenga 3-4 pa tsiku kwa masiku 7-10. Maphunziro ochiritsira amachitikira pafupipafupi pafupifupi miyezi 1-2.
Meldoniy kuchokera ku kutopa
Nthaŵi zina, mankhwala meldoniy amasankhidwa kuti asatope nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa yambiri ya m'maganizo ndi m'maganizo, ndipo thupi likafooka chifukwa cha matenda a nthawi yaitali. Mankhwalawa, omwe ali ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri, amathandiza thupi kuthana ndi zovuta zopanda kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo la mtima, m'malo mochira, kuchotsa zofooka ndi kugona.
Meldonium - zotsatira
Tiyeni tiwone zotsatira zake zomwe meldoniy zimatha kukwiyitsa:
- kusokoneza, kugona tulo;
- mutu;
- chizungulire;
- phokoso m'makutu;
- chisokonezo;
- kufooketsa kukhudzidwa;
- mantha;
- kusintha kwa magazi;
- tachycardia;
- kusokonezeka mu mtima;
- zovuta kapena matupi;
- dyspepsia;
- chifuwa;
- kukoma kwachitsulo m'kamwa;
- mkamwa wouma;
- ululu wamimba;
- kutsekula m'mimba;
- minofu yamtundu;
- kupuma;
- zozizwitsa (kuthamanga, kuyabwa, quemke ya edema) ndi ena.
Kodi mabulosi amatha kuzigwiritsa ntchito?
Zinapezeka kuti meldonium ndi Mildronate, ndi ntchito yayitali, akuledzera mwa anthu ena. Chowonekera kwambiri ndi zotsatira zoipa za othamanga omwe, atasiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, amayamba kuvutika ndi mavuto a maganizo - kudzimva kuti sangakonzekere maphunziro kapena mpikisano, kutopa mwamsanga, kufooka.
Meldonium - zotsutsana ndi ntchito
Mankhwala kukonzekera meldonium kutsutsana ndi kuikidwa ali ndi zotsatirazi:
- kudziwitsidwa kwa aliyense pa zigawo zikuluzikulu za mankhwala;
- chisokonezo chowonjezeka;
- chiwindi kapena chidziwitso chopanda mphamvu, choopsa;
- mimba, nthawi yakuyamwitsa.
Meldonium - analogues wa kukonzekera
Ngati sizingatheke kumwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi meldonium, zizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mogwirizana ndi dokotala. Mankhwalawa ndi awa:
- Dibikor;
- Vero-Riboxin;
- Mphunzitsi;
- Coenzyme Q10;
- Lipamid;
- Riboxin .