Mawanga azungu pa masamba a nkhaka

Mabanja ambiri omwe ali ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka malo amakonda kumwa masamba, mwachitsanzo, nkhaka. Izi zidzalola kusangalala ndi zipatso zoyera bwino za nyengo m'nyengo ya chilimwe, kupanga zozizira ndi dzuwa pa nyengo yozizira. Komabe, kulima zomera izi zikuwoneka kuti ndizodzichepetsa kumayanjana ndi mavuto ena. Amaluwa ambiri amadandaula za maonekedwe a masamba a chikasu m'makango. Chifukwa cha chodabwitsa ichi sichikudziwika kwa ambiri - mwinamwake matenda kapena kusowa kwa chinachake. Tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chake masamba a nkhaka amatembenukira chikasu ndi momwe angagwirire nazo.

Pa masamba a nkhaka chikasu mawanga: zifukwa

1. Kawirikawiri, zilonda za masamba a masamba okongolawa zimagwirizana ndi zovuta zachilengedwe ndi matenda. Mwachitsanzo, matenda otere monga anthracnose amawonetseredwa ndi maonekedwe achikasu ndi ofiira pa masamba ndi masamba a nkhaka. Kawirikawiri, zimabwera chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zomera zowonjezera kutentha zimveke. Patapita nthawi, mawangawa amakhala zilonda zodzaza ndi pinki.
2. Chifukwa chimene masamba a nkhaka amadya chikasu, pangakhale matenda ena - ascochitis . Izi ndizo matenda a fungal, omwe angakayikiridwe ndi kuti masamba a nkhaka kuzungulira m'mphepete mwake amatembenukira chikasu, ndipo palinso mawanga ofiira ndi ofiira omwe ali ndi madontho wakuda - sporiferous particles wa bowa. Mawonetseredwe oterewa amapezeka koyamba pamunsi mwa tsinde la mbewu. Kenaka nkhaka imatembenuza chikasu m'munsi masamba - ofooka ndi osachepera. Mankhwalawa amatha kufalikira pa masamba, zipatso zimakhudzidwanso: phesi limatembenuka chikasu, kenako mwanayo amatha kukhala wamdima.
3. Palinso matenda a nkhaka pamene masamba akutembenukira chikasu: mawanga amawoneka pamwamba pa tsamba pamphepete, mbali ya pansi ili ndi nsalu ya imvi-lilac ya bowa-causative wothandizira peronosporosis , kapena downy mildew. Pamene matendawa akuyamba, madontho obiriwirawa amakhala bulauni, minofu ya masamba yomwe imakhudzidwa imagwa ndipo mbewu imamwalira.
4. Chifukwa chokhalira masamba a nkhaka chikasu, pangakhale zojambulajambula - matenda a tizilombo. Kawirikawiri imakhala pamasamba a zomera zazing'ono ngati mawonekedwe oyera ndi achikasu mu mawonekedwe a stellate.
5. Mguu wakuda ndi matenda a bowa omwe amamera mbande. Zomwe zimagwira pachiyambi zimakhala mizu, ndiye nkhaka imatembenuka masamba a chikasu (tsamba loyamba), msozi umakhala bulauni. Matendawa ndi owopsa chifukwa nthawi zambiri amachititsa kufa kwa mbande.
6. Kwa chikasu pamphepete mwa masamba nthawi zina kumabweretsa kusowa kwa potaziyamu . Ngati masamba a chikasu amagawani pakati pa mitsempha, ndiye kuti kusowa kwa magnesium .

Bwanji ngati pali mawanga achikasu pa masamba a nkhaka?

Ngati nthendayi ikupezeka, zomera zonse zomwe zakhudzidwa zimayenera kuchotsedwa kuti zisawonongeke. Ngati pangakhale zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa, muyenera kutsuka nkhaka zomwe zimatchedwa 1% Bordeaux osakaniza - njira yothetsera sulfate ndi laimu (100 g ya chinthu chilichonse pa 10 malita a madzi).

Ndi askohitosis, ndi bwino kupukuta mbali zokhudzana ndi zomera ndi youma osakaniza laimu ndi phulusa, komanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. basal mbali ya nkhaka Bordeaux osakaniza .

Ndizoyamba zizindikiro za downy mildew, nkhaka zamasamba zimatha kuchiritsidwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate, kutenga 2 g wa mankhwala pa 10 malita a madzi. Ndi zotupa zowopsa, zowopsa za fungicides zimayenera kulimbana ndi matendawa.

Ngati zomera zimakhudzidwa ndi mwendo wakuda, kuthira madzi okwanira ndi potsimikiza potassium permanganate.

Pamene zithunzi zamakono zimasonyeza, njira zazikuluzikulu zimachepetsedwa kuti ziwonongedwe za zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala ndi nthaka ndi mankhwala 5%.