Matenda a meningococcal ndi matenda aakulu omwe amachititsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda Neisseria meningitidis. Kuchuluka kwake ndi kumidzi kwa zilonda kumadalira mtundu wa matendawa, koma nthawi zonse matendawa ndi oopsa komanso osakwanira kapena mankhwala osakwanira amakhala ndi zotsatira zovuta.
Kodi matenda a meningococcal akufalitsidwa bwanji?
Chinthu chokhacho chimene chimayambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi zizindikiro zoonekeratu za matendawa. Matenda a meningococcal amafalitsidwa ndi aspiration. Mavitamini amatha kutulutsidwa ku chilengedwe pamene mukukambirana, mukakokera kapena kupopera, koma matendawa sakula mofulumira monga matenda ena. Kulimbikitsa kukhudzana kwambiri, makamaka pamene kumachitika m'nyumba.
Pambuyo polowera matenda mu thupi labwino, munthu amakhala chonyamulira. Maningococcus amatha kukhala masiku angapo mpaka miyezi yambiri, zimadalira mphamvu ya chitetezo komanso moyo. Ngati mwamsanga mutatha kuyankhulana ndi wodwalayo kuti atenge njira zoyenera, matenda a meningococcal adzathetsedwa ndi kuchepa. Ngakhale mankhwala amadziwa kuti matendawa amabwera komanso pambuyo pa mankhwala enaake.
Matenda a meningococcal - zizindikiro
Zizindikiro za meningococcus zimasiyana malinga ndi mawonekedwe. Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri ndi izi:
- kutentha kwakukulu;
- khosi louma;
- Kuzindikira kuunika (mwa odwala ena - photophobia);
- kupweteka kwakukulu;
- kusanza;
- chidziwitso chodzidzimutsa.
Pakati pa galimoto, zizindikiro za matenda a meningococcal, monga lamulo, palibe. Mukapitirira kukayezetsa, mudzapeza chithunzi chowoneka bwino cha pulotitis yamakono. Poyamba, chibayo chikhoza kukula, chomwe chimadza ndi chitukuko cha sepsis ndi polyarthritis, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhudza ziwalo zing'onozing'ono mmalo mwa manja.
Matenda a meningococcal - nthawi yopuma
Monga matenda ena opatsirana, meningococcal zizindikiro siziyamba pomwepo. Nthawi yosakaniza imatenga masiku 1 mpaka 10, koma kawirikawiri sichedwa kuchepetsedwa kuposa masiku 3-5. Matenda a meningococcal ndi owopsa ndi kukula kwake msanga. Kawirikawiri kamangidwe kameneka katangotha, zizindikiro za matenda zimatchulidwa, mkhalidwe wa wodwalawo umachepa kwambiri, ndipo ngati nthawiyo sichiperekedwa ndi othandizira, zonsezi zingathe kutha.
Maningococcal nasopharyngitis - zizindikiro
Ndi mtundu uwu wa matendawa, njira yotupa ikufalikira ku nasopharynx - gawolo la pharynx lomwe liri pamwamba pa thambo lofewa ndipo lingayang'anitsidwe kokha ndi chithandizo cha ENT magalasi. Meningococcal nasopharyngitis imaonekera mwa zizindikiro zotere:
- mutu;
- ulusi mmero;
- chifuwa chouma;
- kusokonezeka kwa minofu ;
- Kutuluka kumphuno (nthawi zambiri);
- kukonzanso kwa khoma la posterior pharyngeal;
- hyperplasia ya follicles ya lymphoid.
Mankhwala oteteza m'mimba - zizindikiro
Matenda a meningococcal mu mawonekedwe a purulent amadziwika ndi kulowera kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi lofewa la ubongo. Ntchito yawo imayambitsa njira yotupa. Mankhwala a mimba amatsatiridwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- kumutu kwa mutu;
- kutentha kwakukulu;
- chisokonezo;
- kusanza;
- matenda m'kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mitsempha yambiri;
- kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso;
- kusokonezeka maganizo;
- chithandizo;
- kukonda kumvetsera pang'ono;
- chills;
- chiwonetsero;
- kutaya chikumbukiro (makamaka tsankho);
- hyperkinesis.
Maningococemia - zizindikiro
Izi ndi zovuta, zomwe, monga lamulo, zimapezeka ndi zizindikiro za toxicosis. Maningococcal septic matenda ndi ofatsa, ochepa komanso ovuta. Vuto limakula kwambiri - kutentha kwa wodwala kumadutsa madigiri 39-40 mu mphindi zochepa. Fever ikuphatikizidwa ndi zizindikiro zina:
- kufooka kotchulidwa;
- kupweteka kwa minofu;
- ludzu;
- phokoso;
- mpweya wochepa;
- mtima;
- kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- kuchepa kukodza.
Chizindikiro chodziwika "chodziwika" ndi chiwopsezo cha matenda a meningococcal. Zitha kuoneka patangopita maola angapo chiyambi cha matendawa. Nthaŵi zambiri, mawanga amaphimba miyendo yapamwamba ndi ya m'munsi, mapazi, miyendo. Kuthamanga ndi meningococcemia kumakhala kofiira kwambiri komanso kumatuluka pamwamba pa khungu. Pa milandu yoopsa, imatha kufalikira ku thupi lonse. Kumapeto kwa mphutsi yomweyo kumakhala makutu akuluakulu omwe amawonekera momveka bwino, omwe maonekedwe amafanana ndi madontho a cadaveric. Pa nkhope ya tsinde "kufika" kawirikawiri.
Kuzindikira za matenda a meningococcal
Kufufuza kwakukulu kumayamba ndi kusanthula zizindikiro ndi kuphunzira zinthu zomwe zingayambitse kugonjetsedwa. Kuti mudziwe mawonekedwe a matendawa, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa thupi la wodwala mosamala ndikuyesa mayeso osiyanasiyana. Gawo lofunika la matendawa ndi kufufuza kwa matenda a meningococcal. Ngati munthu ali ndi kachilomboka, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tipeze m'magazi ake. Mukhoza kuzindikira meningococci mothandizidwa ndi:
- magazi;
- PCR ya cerebrospinal madzi ndi magazi;
- kusanthula kwa cerebrospinal fluid ;
- kufesa magazi;
- Smear kuchokera m'mphuno.
Matenda a meningococcal - mankhwala
Poyamba kukayikira pa MI, munthu amafunika kupita kuchipatala ndikuyamba kuchipatala mwamsanga. Pofufuza matenda a meningococcal, mankhwala opatsirana ndi antibiotic a penicillin amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Ma antibacterial awa amaonedwa kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri pomenyana ndi khansa ya causative. Pamene nasopharyngitis ikuonjezeredwa kuti asambe mphuno ndi antiseptics ndi vitamini mankhwala.
Matenda a meningococcal - chithandizo cha prehospital
Thandizo la matenda ndi meningococci limachitidwa ndi akatswiri ku chipatala, koma ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda a meningococcal, chithandizo choyamba chiyenera kuperekedwa nthawi yomweyo. Ndi mantha, antipyretic mankhwala amagwira bwino. Pofuna kuthetsa chisangalalo chochulukirapo ndi kugwidwa, njira yothetsera Sibazone ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Matenda a meningococcal - malingaliro azachipatala
Kupha antibiotic antiingococcal mosamala, choncho amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi matenda. Ngakhale mankhwalawa akuwongolera bwino, Penicillin yakhala njira yowononga nthenda ya meningococcus nambala 1 kwazaka zambiri. Lowetsani pa mlingo wa magawo 200 mpaka 300 / kg kulemera kwa tsiku. Kawirikawiri kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kwagawidwa mu 5-6 receptions. Penicillin imayendetsedwa mozama. Kuphatikiza pa Penicillin, n'zotheka kuchita chithandizo:
- Ampicillin;
- Ceftriaxone ;
- Cefotaxime.
Mlingo wonse ukuwerengedwa ndi dokotala aliyense payekha, kuganizira makhalidwe a zamoyo. Ngati wodwalayo akutsutsana ndi mankhwala a beta-lactam antibacterial, akhoza kutsogoleredwa ndi Chloramphenicol. Mlingo wa mlingo umasiyana ndi 80 mpaka 100 mg / makilogalamu pa tsiku ndipo uyenera kugawidwa osachepera katatu. Pofuna kuthana ndi kupweteka kwa mimba, Meropenem nthawi zina imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kulimbana ndi meningococcemia kumathandizidwa ndi zochitika zoterezi:
- kusokoneza;
- normalization ya electrolyte balance;
- mankhwala;
- kukonzedwa kwa mgwirizano wa asidi;
- kugwiritsa ntchito glucocorticosteroids.
Kupewa matenda a meningococcal
Kulimbana ndi matendawa ndi kovuta kwambiri, choncho ndi bwino kuchita zonse zomwe zingatheke kuti muteteze. Katemera motsutsana ndi meningococcal matenda ndibwino kwambiri. Zidzathandiza kupewa MI yokha, komanso zovuta zake zonse, chifukwa chakuti meningococcus imayambitsa matenda, monga:
- khunyu ;
- wosamva;
- hemiparesis;
- chowopsa;
- asthenia.
Katemera woteteza matenda a meningococcal sizowona kokha kokha:
- Pofuna kuti asatenge kachilombo ka HIV, ndibwino kupewa malo osokoneza anthu ambiri pa mliriwu.
- M'dzinja ndi masika ndi zofunika kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi ndi vitamini complexes.
- Ndi zofunika kuti muteteze ku hypothermia momwe mungathere.
- Mutatha kuyankhulana ndi munthu wodwala matendawa, mwamsanga muyenera kuyambitsa njira yopewera antibacterial ndi kumwa antitimeningococcal immunoglobulins.
Inoculation kuchokera ku matenda a meningococcal
Pakadali pano, iyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yodzizitetezera ku matenda. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya katemera: polysaccharide ndi conjugated, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mapuloteni othandiza matendawa. Katemera wa Polysaccharide kuchokera ku matenda a meningococcal umakweza msinkhu wa ma antibodies. Kufunsanso kumafunika zaka zitatu zilizonse. Majekeseni amathandiza kuti chitukuko cha thupi chizikhala ndi mphamvu komanso chitetezo chokhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu kwa zaka 10.
M'magulu azachipatala, katemera opangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito meningococci A ndi A + C amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kupweteka kumaperekedwa kudzera pansi pamtendere pamtunda wachitatu wa mkono kapena m'deralo pansi pa scapula. Chitetezo choyamba chimayamba kukula kuyambira tsiku la 5 mpaka 14 pambuyo pa jekeseni. Mukhoza kupanga jekeseni imodzimodzi ndi katemera wina, kupatulapo anti-TB ndi yellow fever. Kugonjetsa kwa katemera wa meningococcus ndi matenda akuluakulu komanso kuwonjezereka kwa matenda omwe alipo kale. Jekeseniyo imachotsedwa ngati pali mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito.