Matenda a Addison ("matenda a mkuwa") ndi matenda osazolowereka omwe amatha kufotokoza pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900 ndi T. Addison, yemwe ndi dokotala wa Chingerezi. Anthu omwe ali pakati pa zaka zapakati pa 20 ndi 50 ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Nchiyani chimachitika mu thupi ndi matendawa, ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa zochitika ndi zamakono zamakono, tidzakambirana zambiri.
Matenda a Addison - Etiology ndi pathogenesis
Matenda a Addison amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwapadera kwa adrenal cortex. Pachifukwa ichi, pali kuchepa kwakukulu kapena kutha kwathunthu kwa kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni, makamaka glucocorticoids (cortisone ndi hydrocortisone) yomwe imayambitsa mapuloteni, timadzi timeneti timene timayambitsa mafuta ndi mafuta, komanso mineralocorticoids (deoxycorticosterone ndi aldosterone) omwe amachititsa kuti madzi a mchere azitsuka.
Achisanu mwa milandu ya matendawa ndi osadziwika. Pazidziwitso za matenda a Addison, tikhoza kusiyanitsa zotsatirazi:
- chisonyezero chokha cha adrenal cortex;
- AIDS;
- syphilis;
- adrenoleukodystrophy;
- chifuwa chachikulu cha adrenal glands;
- amyloidosis ;
- sarcoidosis;
- kuchotsedwa kwa adrenal glands;
- kutaya magazi m'matenda a adrenal;
- chithandizo cha nthawi yaitali ndi mahomoni;
- zilonda za fungal.
Kuperewera kwa kupanga mineralocorticoids kumapangitsa kuti thupi liwononge sodium kwambiri, limataya madzi, ndipo kuchulukitsa kwa magazi ndi njira zina zowonongeka zimachepetsanso. Kuperewera kwa kaphatikizidwe ka glucocorticoids kumabweretsa zolakwira za zimagawidwe zamagazi, kutsitsika kwa shuga, komanso kusakwanira kwa magazi.
Zizindikiro za Matenda a Adison
Monga lamulo, chitukuko cha matenda a Addison amapezeka pang'onopang'ono, kuyambira miyezi ingapo mpaka zaka zingapo, ndipo zizindikiro zake zimakhala zosazindikirika kwa nthawi yaitali. Matendawa amatha kuchitika pamene thupi liri ndi chosowa chachikulu cha glucocorticoids, chomwe chingagwirizane ndi nkhawa iliyonse kapena matenda.
Zizindikiro za matendawa zikuphatikizapo:
- kutopa mwamsanga;
- minofu yofooka;
- kuchepetsa kukumbukira;
- kupweteka;
- kusokonezeka kwa thirakiti la m'mimba;
- kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- Kuchuluka kwa khungu (mawanga a mtundu wa mkuwa) - kumachitika nthawi yaitali chisanachitike zizindikiro zina;
- Kuwoneka kwa chakudya chamchere ndi chakuda;
- ludzu;
- kusakhazikika kumwezi;
- kunjenjemera kwa manja , mutu;
- mkodzo wambiri;
- tachycardia ndi ena.
Mavuto owonjezera
Ngati zizindikiro za matendawa zimachitika mosayembekezereka mwamsanga, kusowa kwachilendo kosavuta kumachitika. Matendawa amatchedwa "addisonian crisis" ndipo ndiwopseza moyo. Zimadziwika ndi zizindikiro monga kupweteka mwadzidzidzi m'munsi kumbuyo, mimba kapena miyendo, kusanza kwakukulu ndi kutsekula m'mimba, kutaya chidziwitso, chikwangwani chofiira pa lilime, ndi zina zotero.
Matenda a Addison - matenda
Ngati akuganiza kuti matenda a Addison akuyesa, ma laboratory amayesedwa kuti azindikire kuchepa kwa ma sodium ndi ma potaziyamu, kuchepa kwa shuga, kuchepa kwa corticosteroids m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa ma eosinophils, ndi ena.
Matenda a Addison - mankhwala
Chithandizo cha matendawa chimachokera ku mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Monga lamulo, kusowa kwa cortisol kumalowetsedwa ndi hydrocortisone, ndi kusowa kwa mchere corticosteroid
Ndi vuto la Addison, glucocorticoids ndi mankhwala ambiri a saline ndi dextrose amalembedwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuthetsa vutoli ndikuchotsa mantha.
Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo zakudya zomwe zimaletsa kudya nyama ndi kusatulutsa mbatata zophika, nyemba, mtedza, nthochi (kuchepetsa kudya kwa potaziyamu). Chizoloŵezi chogwiritsa ntchito mchere, chakudya ndi mavitamini, makamaka C ndi B, chikuchulukira. Kuvomereza ndi mankhwala okwanira ndi oyenera a Addison matenda ndi abwino kwambiri.