Padziko lonse lapansi, matenda a khansa ya m'mawere amapangidwa chaka chilichonse ndi amayi okwana 1,250,000 a mibadwo yosiyanasiyana. Ku Russia, matendawa amapezeka mu 54 000 akazi. Mwatsoka, nthawi zambiri, matendawa amapezeka mochedwa kwambiri. Komabe, khansa ya m'mawere ikhoza kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu. Pachifukwa ichi nkofunikira kuti mukhale ndi mammogram a nthawi zonse.
Mammography - kwa ndani ndipo chifukwa chiyani?
Mammography ndi kufufuza kwa mapira a mammary mothandizidwa ndi X-ray. Amaloleza osati kuzindikira kuti kusintha kwa mthupi kumatuluka, komanso kudziwa kukula kwa malo omwe akukhudzidwa ndi malo ake enieni. Kwa amayi ambiri omwe ali pangozi, iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yowonetsera khansa ya m'mawere kumayambiriro, pamene mankhwala otheka amatha. Kuphatikiza apo, mothandizidwa ndi mammography, madokotala amadziŵa kukhalapo m'mimba ya mammary ya zilonda zowopsa (fibroadenoma), cysts, calcium salt deposits (calcification), ndi zina zotero.
Kawirikawiri amayi amatumizidwa ku mammogram ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- ululu m'chifuwa;
- kusintha mu mawonekedwe a nkhono;
- kuchotseratu ku zikopa za mammary glands ;
- zisindikizo mu chifuwa;
- Kusokonezeka kwa mimba ndi redness.
Kodi ndi bwino kuchita chiyani mammograph?
Kwa amayi omwe amayamba kukumana ndi matenda a m'mawere, pali mafunso ochuluka okhudzana ndi mammograph: Pa tsiku lozungulira ndilobwino kuchita mammografia? Kodi ndi bwino bwanji kuchita kapena kupanga mamemografia? Kodi kufufuza kuli kotetezeka?
Madokotala anadandaula kuti: X-ray ndi mammography amamasulidwa muzitsulo zochepa kwambiri ndipo samayambitsa matenda. Komabe, tsogolo ndi amayi oyamwitsa ndi bwino kupyolera mu ultrasound mammography, zomwe ziri zotetezeka kwathunthu ndipo zingakhoze kuchitidwa kangapo mzere.
Kodi tsiku lopangidwa ndi nyamakazi likuchitika liti? Yankho la funso ili lidzaperekedwa ndi dokotala yemwe akupezekapo (azimayi, a mammologist, a oncologist). Kawirikawiri mammography amachitika pa 6-12 tsiku loyamba kusamba. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kumayambiriro kwa kayendetsedwe ka thupi thupi la mkazi liri ndi mphamvu ya mahomoni a estrogens, ndipo chifuwa chimakhala chochepetsedwa kwambiri. Izi zimakuthandizani kupeza zithunzi zambiri, ndipo ndondomeko ya mkazi imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Ngati wodwalayo atha kale kusamba , mayeso akhoza kuchitika nthawi iliyonse.
Ponena za nthawi yomwe nyamakazi imagwiritsira ntchito, madokotala ali ogwirizana: patatha zaka 40, mkazi aliyense ayenera kupita kukaonana ndi mayi wamagulu kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri zonse ndikukhala ndi mammogram, ngakhale atakhala bwino. Ngati mupeza zizindikiro zilizonse zodetsa nkhawa, mammography iyenera kuchitidwa mosasamala za msinkhu.
Kodi mungapeze bwanji mamemografia?
Maphunziro apadera a mammography si oyenera. Chinthu chokha chomwe madokotala amadzifunsa, ndi kupewa zodzoladzola ndi zopaka mafuta m'ntchito yofufuza. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, musanayambe ndondomekoyi muyenera kuchotsa makola onse m'khosi. Ngati mukuyembekezera mwana kapena kuyamwitsa, onetsetsani kuuza radiologist za izo, zomwe zingayambitse mamemografia.
Ndondomekoyi imatenga nthawi zosapitirira mphindi 20 ndipo imakhala yopweteka kwambiri - vuto laling'ono limapezeka mwa amayi ena amene mawere awo ali ovuta kwambiri kukhudza.
Wodwalayo akufunsidwa kuti amugwedeze m'chiuno ndi kuima patsogolo pa mammogram, kenaka aike mapepala a mammary pakati pa mbale ziwirizo ndi kuzikanikiza (izi ndi zofunika kuti mupeze zithunzi zapamwamba). Zithunzi za mbuzi iliyonse zimapangidwira m'magulu awiri (molunjika ndi oblique). Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza chikhalidwe cha m'mawere. Nthawi zina amai amaitanidwa kutenga zithunzi zina. Pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi, radiologist imalongosola zithunzizo ndikupanga mapeto.