Kuwunika kumaphatikizapo njira zofufuzira zophweka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa masewera.
Kuwonetsa koyamba kwa mimba kumayesetseratu kuzindikira zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana za mwanayo. Amachitidwa pa masabata 10-14 a mimba ndipo imaphatikizapo ultrasound (ultrasound) ndi kuyezetsa mwazi (kusankhana magazi). Madokotala ambiri amalimbikitsa kuyang'anira onse omwe ali ndi pakati popanda zosiyana.
Kuwonetsekera kwa zinthu zakuthupi kwa zaka zitatu zoyambirira za mimba
Kuwonetseratu za thupi ndikutsimikizika m'magazi a zizindikiro zomwe zimasintha pakadwala. Kwa amayi apakati, kuyezetsa magazi ndizofunika kwambiri, popeza cholinga chake ndikutulukira kuti mwanayo ali ndi vuto lopweteka kwambiri monga matenda a Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, komanso kuti azindikire ziphuphu za ubongo ndi msana. Zimayimira kuyezetsa magazi kwa hCG (chorionic gonadotropin) ndi RAPP-A (mapuloteni okhudzana ndi mimba). Panthawi imodzimodziyo, sikuti zizindikiro zenizeni zenizeni zimaganiziridwa, komanso kupatuka kwawo kuchokera ku mtengo wapatali womwe unakhazikitsidwa pa nthawi yapadera. Ngati RAPP-A yafupika, izi zikhoza kusonyeza malingaliro a mwana, komanso syndrome kapena Edwards syndromes. HCG yowonjezera ikhoza kusonyeza matenda a chromosomal kapena mimba yambiri. Ngati zizindikiro za HCG zili zochepa kusiyana ndi zachibadwa, izi zingasonyeze kudwala kwapadera, kuopseza padera, kupezeka kwa ectopic kapena mimba yosakonzekera. Komabe, kuyesa kuwonetsetsa kokha kanyama kokhako sikungathandize kuti mupeze matenda. Zotsatira zake zimangonena za chiopsezo chokhalira ndi matenda komanso kupereka dokotala chifukwa choti apereke maphunziro ena.
Ultrasound ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa kufufuza 1 kwa mimba
Kuti muyambe kufufuza kwa ultrasound, dziwani:
- kulondola kwa ziwalo zamkati za mwanayo;
- malo oyenera a zothandizira ndi miyendo;
- Kulemberana kwa kukula kwa thupi kwa mau a mimba;
- mapangidwe ndi malo a placenta.
Ndiponso:
- kuyeza magazi ndi mtima;
- Yerekezerani mzere wa khola (gawo la khosi pakati pa mapewa ofewa ndi khungu). Kuyeza n'kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa madzi akhoza kuwonjezeka m'dera lamtunduwu, ndipo kupitirira miyezo yomwe ili pamwamba pa chizoloŵezichi (kawirikawiri ndi 3 mm) imasonyeza zolepheretsa chitukuko;
- kuthandizira ndi kuyesa fupa la nasal. Pa nthawi ya masabata khumi ndi anayi, amapezeka 98 peresenti ya ana ndipo sangathe kuwona ana 70% a Down syndrome.
Poyang'ana pa trimester yoyamba ya mimba, mwayi wodziwitsa matenda a Down syndrome ndi Edwards ndi okwera kwambiri ndipo ndi 60%, ndipo pamodzi ndi zotsatira za ultrasound kumawonjezeka kufika 85%.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti zotsatira za kuyang'ana koyamba pa nthawi ya mimba zingakhudzidwe ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- Mimba yambiri imakhala yowonjezereka, komanso kuyang'anitsitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo sikumveka bwino);
- kulemera kwa mkazi (ndi kulemera kwakukulu, zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimawonjezeka);
- zizoloŵezi zoipa;
- Matenda a amayi (mwachitsanzo, kuzizira pa nthawi ya kuyezetsa kapena matenda aakulu);
- kutenga mankhwala;
- osayika nthawi yochepa (malingana ndi nthawi ya mimba).
Zinthu izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa pakuganizira zotsatira za kuyang'ana koyamba kwa amayi apakati. Potsalira pang'ono, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti ayang'anire ma trimester yachiwiri. Ndipo ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda, monga lamulo, mobwerezabwereza ultrasound, mayesero ena (chorionic villus sampling kapena amniotic madzi kufufuza) akulamulidwa. Sizodabwitsa kuti muyankhulane ndi jini.