Kutanthauzidwa ndizobodza kapena zoona zowonjezera pofuna kuwonongera mbiri ya munthu wina pamaso pa anthu ena kapena gulu lonse. Masiku ano mu nthawi ya intaneti ndi kuchuluka kwa zofalitsa, wina akhoza kuona zotsatira za kutayika nthawi zonse.
Kutanthauzidwa - ndi chiyani?
Kodi kutanthauzira kumatanthauza chiyani? Mawu awa amachokera ku fama yachilatini - mbiri, ndi mawu a diffamatio - kufotokoza. M'dziko lamakono, kufotokozedwa ndi kufalitsa uthenga, mfundo zomwe zingawononge munthu ndikuchititsa manyazi mbiri yake , ulemu ndi ulemu. Kutanthauzidwa kawirikawiri kumachitika mu bizinesi yowonetsera komanso ndale. Ndiko kulakwitsa.
Kutanthauzidwa ndi kunyoza - kusiyana
Kutanthauzira mawu ndi kunyoza ndi malingaliro ofanana, ku Ulaya iwo ali ofanana, koma ali osiyana, mawu osiyana pakati pawo:
- Kutanthauzidwa kungakhale koona, popanda mbiri yowonong'oneza, mu biography ya munthu aliyense, munthu akhoza kupeza "zinthu zomwe sizimakometsera" munthuyo ndi zochita zake.
- Kunyoza ndi kusokoneza kwenizeni kweniyeni kwazoonadi ndi kugawira iwo osati mwa makina osindikizira, komanso polemba kapena polemba.
Mitundu yowonongeka
Kutanthauziridwa ndi lingaliro lachibadwa. Malembo kapena kusagwirizana kwa chidziwitso chowonetseratu chenichenicho ndipo, malinga ndi momwe wogawirayo akunenera za zochita zake, amasiyanitsa mitundu yotsutsa:
- Kusalongosoka kosadziwika kosavomerezeka - nkhani zofalitsidwa mu nyuzipepala mwachinyengo, zingatchedwe kunyoza.
- Kusalongosoka kosadziwika kosavomerezeka - chidziwitso chabodza sichikutsimikiziridwa ndipo chimapitilira patsogolo.
- Kutanthauzidwa kodalirika ndizowona zoona, koma zimatha kuphwanya mbiri, kulemekeza munthu pamaso pa anthu.
Izi zikutanthawuza kuti kutanthauzira kumatha kutanthawuza miseche ndi choonadi chowona, chotchedwa, chitsanzo, kufotokoza munthu muzochita zoipa. Ngati kufotokozedwa kumachokera ku chinyengo, wofalitsayo amachitira chilango, koma pali zovuta powonetsa kuti kutanthauzidwa ndi mbali ya chigamulo cha munthu.
Kusakaza kwa wailesi
Kutanthauzidwa muzofalitsa ndi zochitika zake zenizeni lero. Ufulu wa kulankhula ndi kusawonekeratu kumatilola kufotokoza malingaliro athu, "choonadi chathu" ndikuchifotokoza kudzera pa televizioni, intaneti, ndi makina osindikizira. M'khoti, milandu yotsutsana ndi kufotokozedwa sichimaganiziridwa, koma pali zowonongeka komanso ngati chinsinsicho chinali chonyenga, chilango chachikulu cha ndalama chikhoza kuperekedwa, ndipo ngati munthu sangathe kulipira, akhoza kukakamizika kugwira ntchito.
Kumverera kwowonongeka kumapangitsa kuti anthu omwe ali pa malo osiyana, maofamu akhonza kudzudzula wina ndi mzake, kukambirana zaumulungu, kudya chidziwitso chodalirika cha ena ndi "kumanga" miseche monga snowball. Kawirikawiri kufotokozedwa kungakhale kosadziwika. Chitsanzo cha kufotokozera mwachinyengo zosayenerera kungakhale ngati mlanduwo pamene apolisi adaika chithunzi cha wogwidwa pa intaneti ndi chidziwitso kuti iye ndi munthu wochepetsetsa komanso akufunafuna anzake omwe amadziwana nawo. Nkhaniyo inatha ndi kuchotsedwa kwa apolisi kuchokera ku mabungwe ogwirira ntchito.
Chitsanzo china cha kufotokozedwa kobisika. Wolemba ndale wodziwika amatsutsa wolemba wina wodziwika bwino, akuyitanira kuti iye m'buku lake amapereka zambiri zabodza. Wolembayo akuwonetsa mu ntchito yake wandale mchitidwe wosasamala, wotsutsa. Koma olemba amapindula ndi zomwe zili kumayambiriro kwa bukhu lirilonse, mawu akuti: "Onse otchulidwa ndi zochitika, maina ndi osamveka, ndipo zochitikazo ndizochitika mwangozi."
Kutanthauzidwa mu Chilamulo cha Civil
Kutanthauzidwa mu lamulo la mayiko ambiri kumaonedwa kuti ndi kulakwitsa. Kusemphana ndi malamulo a boma - pali kuphwanya kwachinsinsi, kunyozetsa ulemu ndi ulemu wa munthu aliyense, kumatengedwa ngati zigawo ziwiri za Civil Code ya RF - 150, 152. Kubwezeretsani "dzina labwino" mwa kubwezera chilango chobwezeretsa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa makhalidwe ndi malipiro a phindu, ngati anali ndipo anasowa.
Kutukwa kwachisokonezo kwa anthu kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi ufulu wolankhula, ndipo chitetezo cha zinthu zosayenera monga ulemu, mbiri ndi ulemu zimaperekedwa pa Gawo 29 la malamulo a RF pa ufulu wa kulingalira ndi kulankhula, chotero kuwonongeka kungawonedwe kuti ndilo lamulo limene malamulo a boma amagwiritsa ntchito panthaŵi imodzimodziyo ndi kuteteza ulemu ndi ufulu wolankhula komanso zadzidzidzi.
Kutchuka kwachipongwe
Tsatanetsatane ya kutchulidwa kwachipongwe imatengedwa ngati "kutayika", ndipo poyang'ana pa zomwe zili ndi zolakwika zomwe zimafalikira, zimatha kuthetsa mtundu wosiyana-siyana wa kufotokozedwa - katswiri, kapena njira ina yotsutsira bizinesi , pofalitsa uthenga wotsutsa malonda a munthu kapena bungwe lonse. Kugonjetsedwa kwa katswiri wamaluso ndizochita bizinesi kapena kutayika pambali mu bizinesi ("intrigues of competitors").
Kusokoneza chipembedzo
Kutanthauzidwa mwachipembedzo ndiko kusankhana kwa mtundu wina wa chipembedzo ndi kunyoza kumverera kwa okhulupirira, kunyoza ndi kunyoza za mabanki ndi miyambo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chipembedzo ichi. Chisankho chachikulu m'mayiko osiyanasiyana chinayambitsidwa ndi chisankho chomwe chinayinidwa mu 2005 ndi bungwe la UN General Assembly "Kulimbana ndi kutayika kwa zipembedzo", kuyitanitsa kuletsedwa kwa kutsutsidwa ndi kufalitsa uthenga wonyenga wokhudza chipembedzo.
Chigamulochi chimanena kuti kutayika kwachipembedzo ndikunyozetsa kwambiri maganizo achipembedzo omwe amachititsa kuopseza anthu komanso kulimbikitsa nkhondo pazifukwa zachipembedzo. Koma sizinthu zonse zosalala, otsutsa za ndondomeko ya chisankho kuti lingaliro lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa luntha lawo ndi kusankhana kwa omwe ali kale achipembedzo pa ochepa omwe sagwirizana. Ndipo zikutanthawuza kuti pali kuphwanya ufulu wa kulankhula ndi kufotokoza kwa malingaliro awo, ngakhale ngati sikunyozetsa, chiphunzitso cha Mpingo chingagwiritse ntchito mwanzeru
Kutanthauzidwa - njira
Malingaliro a kulemekeza ndi kufalitsa ufulu ndi mayankho amayenera kudziwidwa kwa munthu aliyense kuti athe kudziteteza yekha ngati chochitika chake chonyenga chikudziwika ndi mbiri yonyenga. Malingana ndi mtundu wa defamation, pali njira zomwe zimadziwonetsera zokha:
- Zowonongeka zosavuta - chidziwitso chosokoneza chimafalitsa zosayenera, mu mawonekedwe a pamlomo, m'malo ophwanyidwa a anthu ambiri: pamsonkhano, kulandila, kuntchito, kapena pamaso pa mboni zingapo.
- Kutanthauzidwa kupyolera mu mafilimu - kusindikiza mu nthawi, pa TV, pa wailesi ndi kudzera pa intaneti.
- Kutanthauzidwa mu zolemba zovomerezeka - mu zikalata zotuluka kuchokera ku bungwe, mwachitsanzo, muzochita za munthu.