Mulu pa thupi kapena nkhope sizingakhale zokhazokha za mkazi wopereka chithumwa chapadera, komanso zimakhala chitsime chakumverera kovuta - thupi ndi maganizo. Ndili ndi vutoli, mafunso amadza ndi za mtundu wa ngozi zomwe deta imakhala nazo, kuchotsa moles yomwe imasokoneza, komanso ngati pali zotsutsana nazo.
Kodi zoterezi ndi zotani?
Choyamba, tidzamvetsa kuti mole ndi yotani, ndipo chifukwa cha zinthu izi zimawonekera. Mitsempha (nevi), yomwe imachokera m'mimba ndipo imapezeka, imapezeka pa khungu komanso mu chiwalo chilichonse cha thupi. Mapangidwe awo ali ndi maselo a epidermal kapena m'mimba komanso kusungunuka kwa melanocytes - maselo omwe amachititsa mtundu wa pigment melanin. Mapangidwe omwe ali pamtunda wa khungu, kapena pamwamba pake, amasiyana mofanana ndi mtundu.
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa mapangidwe a timadontho timene timadontho timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene tim
- Zachibadwa - chidziwitso chokhudza maonekedwe a pigment pa gawo lina la thupi chikhoza kulowa mu DNA, kutanthauza kuti achibale apamtima amakhala ndi zofanana zobadwa;
- kuyang'ana kwambiri kwa ultraviolet kuwala, pansi pa chikoka cha kuchuluka kwa khansa ya melanin yopangidwa;
- Kusintha kwa mahomoni, kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa matenda a melanin (chifukwa cha matenda a endocrine, mimba, kutha msinkhu, mankhwala osokoneza mahomoni, ndi zina zotero);
- kuwonetsekera kwa ma radiation, X-ray;
- kupwetekedwa ndi matenda a khungu.
Nevus - Mitundu
Tilembera ndi kuyimira mitundu ina ya timadontho timene timadontho timene timayambitsa:
- Lentigo - malo otetezeka a pigment, kukumbukira kuthamanga, koma kukhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri komanso mtundu;
- Mitengo yapafupi ndi yosakanikirana yomwe imapangidwa pakati pa epidermis ndi dermis, yomwe ikhoza kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku makampani mpaka ku mdima.
- Nkhono zovuta ndizo maphunziro omwe amaposa khungu kapena mucosal pamwamba, zomwe zimakhudza matenda a dermis ndi epidermis ndipo ali ndi mdima wandiweyani.
- Dysplastic nevus ndi malo otsetsereka kapena osakanikirana omwe amakhala osasinthasintha ndi mitundu yosaoneka, yomwe kukula kwake kukuposa mamita imodzi.
- Buluu ndi nevus ndi mtundu wa buluu kapena mtundu wa bluu, wokhala ndi zowonongeka, nthawi zambiri kumawoneka pamapazi, nkhope, matako.
- Miyeso yamakono (acrochordons) ndi mitsinje yowoneka bwino kapena yofiira, malo omwe anthu ambiri amakhala nawo, mapiko, mapiko, maso.
- Ziphuphu zazikulu zimakhala ndi maonekedwe a mdima omwe ali ndi mdima komanso osagwirizana, omwe amawoneka chifukwa cha vuto la intrauterine la kusiyana kwa melanoblast.
- Nevtsy Sutton - mawanga ngati mawonekedwe a mitsempha yambiri, yokhala ndi chikopa cha khungu losasinthika.
Kodi zizindikiro za kubadwa zili zoopsa?
Mu funso loti kuchotsa moles, chinthu chofunika kwambiri chimaperekedwa kuopsya ya thanzi kuti mabungwewa akhoza kubisala okha. Ndizosayenerera kunena ngati izi kapena kuti maphunziro ndi owopsa pamthupi laumunthu, nthawi zambiri sizingatheke, chifukwa zozizwitsa zosayembekezereka zimatha kukula ndikusintha. Kawirikawiri, nevi yaing'ono, yomwe zizindikiro za kutupa kapena malungo sizisonyeza (kupitirira kwa maselo a thanzi kukhala maselo a kansa), sizikukhudza ntchito yofunikira ndi ubwino wa munthu.
Mankhwalawa amaonedwa ngati opangidwa mpaka 6 mm kukula kwake, mtundu wa uniform, wa mawonekedwe olinganizidwa ndi m'mphepete mwake. Koma palibe amene amatha kutuluka modzidzimutsa kwa maselo ochokera kumalo osapweteka, choncho ayenera kutsatiridwa mwatsatanetsatane. Tiyeni tiwone kuti vus ndi yoopsa:
- kukula mpaka kukula kwakukulu;
- kuthekera kwa kusintha kwa mawonekedwe achilendo;
- kutembenukira ku maphunziro a khansa;
- pa malignization ngakhale pamene sanasonyezedwe kunja kunja ndi metastasis pa zamoyo zonse.
Zokhumudwitsa za kusintha kwa birthmark kukhala mawonekedwe owopsa ndi awa:
- kuwonetsetsa kwambiri kwa ultraviolet kuwala, kutentha kwa dzuwa ;
- kukhumudwitsa kwa maphunziro (makamaka nthawi zambiri kubwereza);
- kuyesa kudzidziletsa (mawonekedwe, mankhwala);
- kuchotsa tsitsi kuchokera ku mole pogwiritsira ntchito zofiira.
M'madera otetezeka kwambiri ndi anthu awa:
- kukhala ndi moles ambiri;
- Kukhala ndi zonyansa zazikulu kuposa 5 mm;
- wonyezimira, wosauka tsitsi ndi maso;
- amene achibale ake apamtima anapeza kuti mankhwalawa ndi odetsa.
Kodi zizindikiro zobadwira zowononga zili zoopsa?
Ngati pigmentary nevus sichikwera pamwamba pa khungu ndi tochepa, kukula kwake kuli kochepa, pokhapokha palibe kusintha komwe kumachitika. Chifukwa cha zenizeni za mtundu uwu wobadwira, zotsatira zake zowonongeka, zoopsa zadzidzidzi ndizochepa, zomwe zimatsimikiziranso kuti zili zopanda pake. Pofuna kuthetseratu zoopsa zonse, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito nkhanza zapathengo ndikuyang'anitsitsa zochitika zoberekera.
Kodi zizindikiro zobadwa zofiira zimakhala zoopsa?
Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha mtundu wofiira si mtundu wa pigment nevus, koma chimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lopweteka lotchedwa angioma. Chizindikiro ichi chimachitika chifukwa cha kuchulukitsidwa kwa magetsi a m'magazi, akhoza kukhala ndi kukula kosiyana - kuchokera ku dothi lopanda kanthu lodziwika bwino ku malo okwera kwambiri. Ma Angiumas samasintha kukhala maonekedwe oipa, koma zoopsa zawo ndizotheka kutuluka m'magazi.
Kodi zizindikiro za kubadwa zakufa zili zoopsa?
Ngati mulu wamba womwe suli pamwamba pa khungu nthawi zambiri sungayambitse vuto lililonse labwino, ndiye kuti maonekedwe osokoneza nthawi zambiri amachititsa amayi kusokonezeka chifukwa chowonekera. Kuonjezera apo, kukula koteroku kumawonjezeka kukula ndi kuchulukanso, komwe kungapse mtima ndi kuvala kosatha (zovala, zokongoletsa), kuwonongeka mwangozi. Zowopsya zimaonedwa kuti zimapachika matope, omwe ali pamtsetse, m'kamwa, pamimba, chifukwa chakuti m'mbali zomwe zili m'munsizi zimakhala zosavuta kuvulaza.
Kodi zizindikiro zobadwa zoyipa zimakhala zoopsa?
Pamene chiberekero chobadwa choyamba choyamba chinayamba kusinthika ndikukhala phokoso, izi ziyenera kuchenjeza. Osati nthawi zonse, kusinthika kotereku kumatanthawuza mapangidwe odetsa nkhaŵa, kawirikawiri kukula ndi kukwera pamwamba pa khungu ndizochitika zachilengedwe. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kusintha kwa maselo kumakhala kozizira kwambiri, ndipo mole imatha kusandutsa khansa ya khansa. Mu maonekedwe, kawirikawiri mole ndi khansa ya melanoma sizingakhale zotsimikizika nthawi zonse, ndipo pakufunika kufufuza zapadera.
Kodi ndikufunika kuchotsa moles?
Mafunso onena ngati kuli kofunikira kuchotsa zizindikiro za kubereka komanso ngati makoswe angachotsedwe ayenera kuthandizidwa payekha, malinga ndi mtundu wa maphunziro, malo ake, mawonetseredwe oipa omwe alipo. Akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti nevi, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ena asakhale ovuta komanso owopsa poyerekeza ndi zotupa, ayenera kuchotsedwa. Njira zochotsedwera za kuchotsa mitsempha sizinayambitse mavuto, koma ngati nevus sichikhudza moyo, siziyenera kuigwira.
Kodi zizindikiro za kubadwa sizingathetsedwe?
Amayi ambiri amakayikira ngati kuli koyenera kuchotsa makoswe pamaso, ngati sakuwoneka wokongola kwambiri. Monga lamulo, kuchotsedwa kwa maonekedwe omwe sali pangozi yowonongeka ndipo sikumapweteka thupi kumaonedwa kuti n'zosatheka, ngakhale kuli kotetezeka. Pachifukwa ichi, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti, pambuyo pochotsedwa, zotsatira zina zosasangalatsa zingatheke, mwazimene zimabwereza ndi kuwombera.
Kodi birthmark iyenera kuchotsedwa liti?
Palibe kuganizira ngati n'zotheka kuchotsa ziwalo zoberekera m'thupi ndipo ngati nkofunika kuchotsa nevus sikuyenera kukhalapo pamene pali zizindikiro zosokoneza zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kusintha kwa maphunziro kungakhale koopsa. Mawonedwe oterewa ndi awa:
- kuwonetsa mwadzidzidzi kwa chizindikiro chobadwa chodziwika mutakula;
- kuyabwa, kupweteka mu mole;
- kusintha mwadzidzidzi mawonekedwe, kukula, mtundu wa maphunziro;
- maonekedwe a inclusions, kugwedeza, mitsempha, nthiti zakunja;
- kuyang'ana, maonekedwe a ming'alu pa nevus;
- kupweteka tsitsi kuchokera pamwamba pa mole;
- magazi, kupezeka kwachinsinsi.
Kodi kuchotsa moles?
Mukamalankhula ndi dokotala ndi funso lakuti kuchotseratu nkhawa zobadwa nazo, wodwalayo amapatsidwa kafukufuku kuti adziwe momwe maphunziro amathandizira. Njira zotsatirazi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito:
- chisangalalo ndi opaleshoni yopaleshoni;
- chithunzi;
- chodabwitsa;
- njira yowonjezera wailesi;
- laser action .
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti si njira zonsezi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa khansa ya maphunziro. Choncho, funso loti ngati ndi lochotsa kuchotsa zozizwitsa pogwiritsa ntchito laser, mukhoza kumva yankho lovomerezeka, chifukwa, ngakhale njira iyi yopanda magazi, siyiyiyi mwayi wofufuza minofu yotsalira ya oncology. Kuchotsa opaleshoni kokha kumakupangitsani kuti mufufuze mapangidwe ndi zakusakaniza zilizonse zokhudzidwa.