- Adilesi: Caral, Peru
- Website: caralperu.gob.pe
- Pitani nthawi: 09:00 mpaka 17:00
Peru ndi imodzi mwa malo osangalatsa komanso osamvetseka padziko lapansi. Pambuyo pake, tinkakhala ndi zipilala zotchuka monga Machu Picchu , Kauachi , Saksayuaman , Ollantaytambo , mapiri akuluakulu achi Nazi komanso mabwinja a mzinda wakale wa Karal, kapena Karal-Supe. Mzinda wa Coral umaonedwa kuti ndiwo mzinda wakale kwambiri wa ku America, womwe unamangidwa kale kwambiri asanalowe m'dziko la Spain.
Mbiri ya mzinda wakale
Mabwinja a mzinda wakale wa Karal ali m'chigwa cha mtsinje wa Supe. Kutsogoleredwa, ilo limatanthauza chigawo cha Peru cha Barranco . Malingana ndi ochita kafukufuku, mzindawu unali wogwira ntchito kuyambira nthawi ya 2600 mpaka 2000 BC. Ngakhale zili choncho, Karal ali bwino kwambiri, choncho ndi chitsanzo cha zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga za chitukuko chakale cha Andean. Ndi chifukwa cha ichi kuti mu 2009 izo zinalembedwa pa List of World Heritage List.
Karal ndi imodzi mwa malo 18 akuluakulu ofukula zinthu zakale, omwe amadziwika ndi nyumba zokongola komanso malo osungirako bwino. Chinthu chachikulu cha zipilalazi ndi kukhalapo kwa mapulaneti apang'ono ndi miyala yamwala, yomwe imakhala yoonekera kuchokera kutalika. Ndondomekoyi ndiyomweyi nthawi ya 1500 BC. Mu 2001, mothandizidwa ndi mateknoloji atsopano, zinakhazikitsidwa kuti mzindawu unalipo pafupifupi 2600-2000 BC. Koma, malinga ndi asayansi, zinyama zina zapansi zakale zikhoza kukhala zazikulu kwambiri.
Zizindikiro za mabwinja a Caral
Gawo la Karal likuyenda makilomita 23 kuchokera ku gombe la Mtsinje wa Supe m'chipululu. Iwo ali ndi mahekitala oposa 66 a malo omwe kale anali anthu pafupifupi 3,000. Kufufuzidwa kuno kudakonzedwa kuyambira chiyambi cha zaka za zana la 20. Panthawiyi, zinthu zotsatirazi zinapezeka apa:
- mapiramidi asanu ndi limodzi ozungulira pakatikati;
- mabwinja a masewera akale;
- Malo okhala a "Elite" a mzinda wakale.
Dera lalikulu la mzinda wa Karal palokha ndi mamita oposa 607,000. Iwo amakhala ndi malo ndi nyumba. Zimakhulupirira kuti Karal ndi imodzi mwa mizinda yayikulu kwambiri ya ku South America panthaŵi imene mapiramidi a ku Igupto anamangidwa. Iwo amawonedwa ngati chithunzi cha mizinda yonse ya chitukuko cha Andean, kotero phunziro lake lingakhale chitsimikizo kwa malo ena ofunika kwambiri ofukula mabwinja.
Mankhwala a ulimi wothirira apezeka m'madera a mzinda wa Karal ku Peru , omwe amachitira umboni zowonongeka. Poyang'ana zopezeka zakale, anthu ammudzi amachita nawo ulimi, ndiwo kulima mapeyala, nyemba, mbatata, chimanga ndi maungu. Pa nthawi yomweyi, nthawi yonse yofukula, panalibe zida kapena mipanda yolimba m'madera ovuta.
Zowoneka zosangalatsa kwambiri za mabwinja a Karal ndi awa:
- Mikangano yopangidwa ndi mafupa a pelican ndi condor;
- nyanga zopangidwa ndi mafupa a ziwalo;
- zikwama zazingwe;
- zokongoletsa ku miyala.
Kuno kudera la mzinda wakale wa Karal ku Peru, anapeza mulu wa mulu. Iyi ndi kalata yogwiritsira ntchito yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusindikiza ndi kusunga zambiri m'masiku a zitukuko za Andes. Zonse zomwe zimapezedwa ziwonetsero ndi umboni wakuti chitukukochi chinakula bwanji zaka 5000 zapitazo.
Kodi mungapeze bwanji?
Palibe maulendo enieni ochokera ku likulu la Peru kupita ku Caral. Kuti mupite kukaona, ndibwino kuti muyambe ulendo wokwerera . Ngati mukufuna kukakhala nokha, ndiye kuti mutenge basi kuchokera ku Lima kupita ku mzinda wa Supe Pablo, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo mutenge tekisi. Madalaivala amataulesi amatha kubweretsedwa ku khomo lolowera, kumene mungathe kufika ku mabwinja a Karal mu mphindi 20. Muyenera kukumbukira kuti pambuyo pa 16:00 alendo saloledwa kulowa gawo la chikumbutso.
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