Kuganiza m'chilimwe popanda chokoma, crispy nkhaka ndi zosatheka. Mbewu yopanda ulemu imeneyi yakula, mwinamwake, m'munda uliwonse wachinyumba. Ndipo amene akufuna kukolola oyambirira, kukula nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha. Koma ngakhale pali mavuto osiyanasiyana omwe angathe. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, eni eni eni ake akufunanso chifukwa chake nkhalango yamakono mu wowonjezera kutentha .
White zowola mu nkhaka
Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri komanso kusowa mpweya wotentha m'madzi otentha, matenda ambiri a fungaluka amayamba kuwonjezeka, mwachitsanzo, zovunda zoyera zimayambitsidwa ndi bowa la sclerotinia. Izi ndizimene zimachititsa kuti mapesi a mapukidwe a nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha. Kuwonjezera pa zimayambira, ziwalo zina zamasamba zimakhudzidwa, chovala choyera chimaonekera pa masamba ndi zipatso.
Gray kuvunda mu nkhaka
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimachititsa kuti nkhaka zowonongeka mu wowonjezera kutentha, zikhale zotchedwa imvi zowola. Kutentha kwakukulu kumasintha, kuthirira ndi madzi ozizira nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa chitukuko mumkhalidwe wobiriwira wa matenda a fungal, makamaka kufooka kwa zomera. Pa tsinde, masamba, mazira ndi zipatso, zomwe zimakhala zowonongeka za mtundu wakuda-bulauni zimayamba.
Vertex zowola mu nkhaka
Mwamwayi, matendawa mu nkhaka sali ochepa okha pamwambapa. Vertex kuvunda ndicho chifukwa chachikulu chomwe nsonga za nkhaka zimawonongeka mu wowonjezera kutentha. Kuyamba kwa matendawa kukumbukiridwa ndi maonekedwe a malo apamtima: kumapeto kwa kamwana kakang'ono kawonekedwe kake kakuda kwambiri. Pansi pano malo a nkhaka zowola. Patapita nthawi, kukula kwa zomera kumachepetsanso, masamba ake amayamba kuuma kapena kupota. Muzosavomerezeka za matendawa, mizu ndi apical Mphukira zimafa.
Brown malo pa nkhaka
Brown malo, kapena cladosporium - zomwe zimakhala ndi greenhouses, makamaka filimu, matenda omwe amapezeka ngati chilimwe chimakhala chozizira komanso chimvula. Choyamba, tsamba la azitona limawonekera pa masamba ndi pamtengo. Ngati simutenga ndondomeko, matendawa adzasunthira pamwamba, osakhudzanso petioles komanso zipatso. Cladosporium ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe nkhaka zing'onozing'ono zimavunda mu wowonjezera kutentha. Zipatso zoyamba zimawoneka zouma, ngati zowakanizika kumalo, zomwe zimakhala ndi zokutira imvi. Mawangawo amapita ku zilonda, ndipo thupi la nkhaka pansi pa khungu limakhala lofiira ndi kuvunda. Zikuonekeratu kuti chitukuko ndi kukula kwa zipatso zimasiya, ndizolakwitsa ndipo ziyenera kuchotsedwa.