Anyezi ndi zomera zosatha zomwe zingamere pamalo amodzi kwa zaka zoposa zisanu. Pankhaniyi, anyezi ndi yozizira kwambiri: m'nyengo yozizira sikofunikira kuti muziphimba ndi filimu ya pulasitiki. Anyezi-batun safuna chisamaliro chapadera, choncho ndizotheka kukula ngakhale kwa mchere wosadziwa.
Kodi kudzala anyezi-batani?
Ngati mukufuna kudzala chikhalidwe chazaka zambiri, pitilirani pakati pa June mpaka pakati pa July. Kwa chaka choyamba anyezi-batun amapereka masamba 3-4, ndipo m'chaka chachiwiri kudzatha kukolola mbewu yoyamba. Anyezi atangotsala pang'ono kufika mamita 10 mpaka 15, akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya.
Anyezi-Batun: kumera ku mbewu
Musanabzala mbewu, ayenera kukhala okonzekera kuti akule kumera pamene akukula. Ndikofunika kutsanulira nyembazo mu chidebe, kutsanulira madzi, kusakaniza ndi kuchoka kuti mutenge. Mbeu zabwino zimatsikira pansi pa thanki. Pambuyo pake, mbewuzo zimakololedwa kuchokera kumadzi ndi zouma.
Mbewu imayikidwa pansi mozama osati masentimita atatu. Mutabzala, ayenera kuthiriridwa.
Kambewu zikafika kutalika kwa masentimita 7 mpaka 8, zimayenera kukonzekera nyengo yozizira: kuwonjezera humus kapena manyowa abwino kunthaka. Pambuyo pake, chomeracho chiyenera kupereka mtendere. Ntchito iliyonse idzayambiranso mu March chaka chamawa mutabzala mbewu.
Eyezi anyezi: akufika pamalo otseguka
Pogwiritsa ntchito chophimbacho ndikuyenera kukhala ndi loamy nthaka. Musanayambe kukulitsa anyezi pamalo otseguka ndikofunika kukonzekera nthaka: kupanga feteleza (nitrofoska, humus, kompositi , superphosphate, potaziyamu mchere). Ngati kuli kotheka, dzikolo liyenera kukhala laimu.
Musanayambe kutsitsa anyezi wa bedi pabedi, muyenera kuchotsa mosamala namsongole ndikuchotsa mzere.
Mbewu imabzalidwa m'nthaka kuti mamita 1.5-2 masentimita apite. Mtunda wa pakati pa mizera uyenera kukhala masentimita 25. Kenaka kufesa kumafunika kukhala ndi humus kapena peat.
Kusamalira anyezi-baton
Mabedi odzala ndi zomera ayenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse, kuchotsedwa namsongole, kusunga dothi lonyowa, komanso patsiku lililonse, feteleza amchere ayenera kuphunzitsidwa kuti akule: urea ndi phulusa ndizoyenera.
Ngati mbewu zowonjezereka, ndiye kuti kupatulira kumafunika:
- Yoyamba: Pambuyo pa masamba anayi, panaonekera masamba asanu;
- yachiwiri: pafupifupi masabata 3-4.
Pasanathe chaka, m'pofunika kupanga 2-3 feteleza ndi mchere kapena feteleza.
Poyambira m'dzinja, masamba owuma amadulidwa, kuti masika asachedwe kukula kwa masamba atsopano.
Chomera chikusowa madzi okwanira nthawi zonse. Popanda chinyezi, masamba angakhale ouma komanso owawa. Ndi madzi ochulukirapo m'nthaka, chomeracho chikhoza kukhala ndi njala ya mpweya.
Anyezi-Batun: Matenda
Ngati masambawo ali ndi mawanga obiriwira omwe ali ndi miinjiro ya imvi, ndiye izi zikhoza kukhala chizindikiro choyamba cha matendawa monga peronosporosis (fungal disease). Chifukwa chake, bayezi anyezi akhoza kufa. Ndikofunika kuti muyambe kumwa mankhwala amkuwa ndi kloridi yamkuwa.
Mphutsi ya anyezi imathamanga ngati kudya phwando la anyezi lomwe liri mkati mwa chomeracho. Kunja izi zikhoza kuwonetsedwa ngati mawonekedwe aang'ono a grayish. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nkofunika kufalitsa chlorophos m'nthaka.
Nchifukwa chiyani anyezi akutembenukira chikasu?
Mukawona kuti nsonga za pensulo zasanduka chikasu pa uta, ndiye izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha zotsatirazi:
- kuthira madzi okwanira nthawi yotentha;
- kusowa kwa zakudya;
- kuthana ndi anyezi.
Anyezi-batoon ndi mbewu yozizira-yolimba yomwe ili ndi mizu yamphamvu. Zimayambira pophika nsomba ndi nyama, saladi ndi msuzi. Choncho, amasangalala kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti sichifunikira chisamaliro chapadera, anyezi-baton amapezeka pafupifupi pafupifupi chiwembu chilichonse.