Chilendo chachilendo, chachilendo, mwana wamwamuna kapena wamkulu. Mwa anyamata, autism nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuposa atsikana. Pali zifukwa zambiri zoyambitsa matendawa, koma zonsezi siziwululidwa bwino. Zochitika za kupotoka pa chitukuko zikhoza kuwonedwa zaka 1-3 zoyambirira za moyo wa ana.
Kodi autistic ndi ndani?
Nthawi yomweyo amakopa chidwi, kaya achikulire kapena ana. Kodi autistic ndi matenda otani a biologically omwe akukhudzana ndi kuphwanya kwakukulu kwa chitukuko chaumunthu, chodziwika ndi "kumizidwa mkati mwako" ndi kupeŵa kukhudzana ndi zenizeni, anthu. L. Kanner, katswiri wa zamaganizo a ana, adakondwera ndi ana osadziwika. Atadzipangira gulu la ana 9, adokotala adawawona kwa zaka zisanu ndipo mu 1943 adayambitsa lingaliro la RDA (kuyambira autism).
Autists momwe mungazindikire?
Munthu aliyense ndi wapadera, koma pali makhalidwe ofanana ndi khalidwe, khalidwe, zizoloŵezi ndi anthu wamba komanso omwe ali ndi autism. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe mumakonda kuziganizira. Zizindikiro za Autistic (zovuta izi ndizofanana kwa ana ndi akulu):
- kusakhoza kulankhulana;
- kuphwanya kuyanjana;
- khalidwe lopusitsa, losayerekezeka komanso kupanda nzeru.
Zizindikiro za mwana wokhulupirira
Kuwonetsa koyamba kwachilendo cha mwanayo, makolo osamala amazindikira mofulumira kwambiri, malinga ndi zina, mpaka chaka chimodzi. Ndani ali mwana wa autistic ndipo ndi makhalidwe ati a chitukuko ndi khalidwe zomwe ziyenera kuchenjeza munthu wamkulu kuti athandize chithandizo chachipatala ndi chazeng'ono m'kupita kwa nthawi? Malingana ndi chiwerengero, 20 peresenti ya ana ali ndi njira yosavuta ya autism, otsala 80% ali osowa kwambiri ndi matenda omwe amachititsa matenda (khunyu, kutaya mtima). Kuyambira ali wamng'ono, zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndizofunikira:
- palibe njira yokonzanso;
- Peŵani kuyankhulana maso ndi ena, musatsatire maso a chidole;
- umphawi wa nkhope ndi nkhope;
- kuchedwa kapena kuthetsa kusalankhula;
- kusowa mtima;
- echolalia (kubwereza mobwerezabwereza kwa mawu);
- mantha a zinthu zowawa ndi zosuntha;
- kusowa chikhumbo chogawana chimwemwe chawo, kupambana kwatsopano, chidole;
- kusowa kwa masewera kumene kumangokhalako ndi kuganiza;
- kuganizira za mtundu wina wa ntchito, toyitayira;
- Kusunthira mwakuya: kumenyedwa, kudumpha ndi zala, kugwedeza ndi thunthu, ndi zina;
- pewani kugwira;
- miyambo.
Zolemba za akuluakulu - ndi chiyani?
Ndili ndi zaka, mawonetseredwe a matendawa amatha kukhala opweteka kapena osakanizidwa, zimadalira zifukwa zingapo: kuopsa kwa matendawa, chithandizo chamankhwala cha panthaŵi yake, maphunziro a zamakhalidwe abwino ndi chitukuko cha mphamvu. Amene ali wamkulu autistic - akhoza kuzindikiritsidwa kale pa mgwirizano woyamba. Autistic - zizindikiro kwa munthu wamkulu:
- Kukumana ndi mavuto aakulu poyankhulana, ndi kovuta kuyamba ndi kusunga zokambirana;
- kusowa chifundo (kumvetsa chisoni), ndi kumvetsetsa mau a anthu ena;
- kumvetsetsa mwachibadwa: kugwirana chanza kapena kugwira kwa mlendo kungachititse mantha ku autist;
- chisokonezo cha mchitidwe wamaganizo;
- kuwonetseratu, khalidwe lachikhalidwe limene limapitirizabe kufikira kutha kwa moyo.
Nchifukwa chiyani zinthu zapadera zimabadwa?
Zaka makumi angapo zapitazi pakhala kuchuluka kwa nambala ya kubadwa kwa ana omwe ali ndi autism, ndipo ngati zaka 20 zapitazo anali mwana mmodzi pa 1000, tsopano 1 pa 150. Ziwerengero zimakhumudwitsa. Matendawa amapezeka m'mabanja omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chosiyana, chitukuko. Nchifukwa chiyani ali obadwa autistic, zomwe zimayambitsa asayansi kufikira mapeto asanamveke. Madokotala amatchula pafupifupi 400 zinthu zomwe zimakhudza zochitika za matenda a autistic mu mwana. Mwachidziwikire:
- zobadwa zobadwa mwaufulu ndi kusintha;
- Matenda osiyanasiyana omwe mayi adatenga panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati (rubella, matenda opatsirana, shuga, matenda a tizilombo );
- mayi ali ndi zaka 35;
- Kuphwanya kwa mahomoni (fetus imachulukitsa kupanga testosterone);
- zovuta zachilengedwe, kukhudzana kwa amayi pamene ali ndi mimba ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi zitsulo zolemera;
- katemera wa mwana yemwe ali ndi katemera: lingaliro siligwirizana ndi umboni wa sayansi.
Miyambo ndi zovuta za mwana wa autistic
M'mabanja kumene ana achilendo oterewa akuwoneka, makolo ali ndi mafunso ambiri omwe amafunikira mayankho, kuti amvetsere ana awo ndikuthandizira kukhala ndi mwayi wawo. Nchifukwa chiyani mazinthu sakuyang'anitsitsa nkhope kapena kukhala osasamala, kupanga zochitika zachilendo, monga miyambo? Achikulire amaganiza kuti mwanayo amanyalanyaza, amapewa kukhudzana, pamene sakuyang'anitsitsa pamene akulankhulana. Zifukwazi zimakhala ndi lingaliro lapadera: Asayansi amapanga phunziro, lomwe linawulula kuti maluso ali ndi masomphenya abwino kwambiri ndipo pali vuto poyendetsa kayendetsedwe ka maso.
Mchitidwe wamakhalidwe umathandiza mwana kuchepetsa nkhawa. Dziko lokhala ndi kusintha kwake konse ndi losamvetsetseka kwa autists, ndipo miyambo imapangitsa kukhala bata. Ngati munthu wamkulu akulowerera ndi kuphwanya mwambo wa mwana, mantha a mantha , khalidwe laukali, kudzipweteka kungakhalepo. Podzipereka yekha ku malo odabwitsa, autist amayesa kuchita zinthu zomwe zimakhala zochitika mwachizoloŵezi kwa iye, kuti athetse. Zikondwerero ndi zozizwitsa ndizosiyana, chifukwa mwana aliyense ali wapadera, koma palinso zofanana:
- kupotoza zingwe, zinthu;
- ikani mzere umodzi wa masewero;
- pitani njira yomweyo;
- penyani kanema womwewo nthawi zambiri;
- iwo amajambula zala zawo, agwedeza mitu yawo, amayenda pamwamba;
- valani zovala zawo zachizolowezi
- idyani chakudya chamtundu wina (zakudya zofooka);
- amawombera zinthu ndi anthu.
Kodi mungakhale ndi autistic?
Makolo amavutika kuti avomereze kuti mwana wawo sali ngati wina aliyense. Podziwa yemwe ali ndi autistic, zimatha kuganiza kuti n'zovuta kwa mamembala onse a m'banja. Kuti asamakhale osungulumwa m'masautso awo, amayi amagwirizanitsa m'masewera osiyanasiyana, amalenga mgwirizano ndikugawana zochepa zawo. Matenda si chiganizo, mukhoza kuchita zambiri kuti mudziwe zomwe zingatheke, komanso mwanayo, ngati ali osasintha. Momwe mungayankhulire ndi autistics - choyamba kumvetsa ndi kuvomereza kuti ali ndi chithunzi chosiyana cha dziko lapansi:
- kumvetsa mawu enieni. Nthabwala zilizonse, kunyoza sikuyenera;
- ndizofika poyera, kuwona mtima. Zingakhale zokhumudwitsa;
- osakonda kukhudza. Ndikofunika kulemekeza malire a mwanayo;
- Musapirire phokoso lofuula ndi kufuula; kukambirana modekha;
- zovuta kumvetsa chinenero, amalankhulana mwa kulemba, nthawizina ana amayamba kulemba ndakatulo, komwe dziko lawo lamkati likuwoneka;
- Pali zovuta zochepa zomwe mwanayo ali wamphamvu, ndikofunika kuziwona ndikuzikulitsa;
- malingaliro ophiphiritsira a mwanayo: malangizo, zithunzi, zithunzi za zochita - zonsezi zimathandiza kuphunzira.
Kodi magetsi amawona bwanji dziko?
Sikuti amangoyang'anitsitsa diso, koma amawonanso zinthu mosiyana. Autism ya ana imasinthidwa kukhala munthu wamkulu akudziwidwa ndipo zimadalira makolo momwe mwana wawo angathe kukhalira ndi anthu, komanso kuti apambane. Ana autistic akumva mosiyana: mawu a munthu sangathe kusiyanitsidwa ndi zizindikiro zina. Iwo samayang'ana pa chithunzichi kapena chithunzi chonse, koma amasankha chidutswa chochepa ndikuwunika kwambiri: tsamba la mtengo, lace pa nsapato, ndi zina zotero.
Kudzikonda Kwambiri mu Autistic
Khalidwe la autist nthawi zambiri silingagwirizane ndi chizoloŵezi chozoloŵera, chiri ndi makhalidwe angapo ndi zopotoka. Kudzikonda kumadziwonetsera pakutsutsana ndi zofuna zatsopano: zimayamba kumenyedwa mutu, kufuula, kudula tsitsi, kuthamangira panjira. Mwana wa autistic alibe "malire", zovuta zowonongeka sizikonzedwa bwino. Kuchotsa chinthucho, chifukwa cha kudzipweteka komwe kunadzuka, kubwereranso ku nthawi zonse, kutchula mkhalidwe - kumalola mwanayo kuti akhale chete.
Maphunziro kwa autistics
Autism ili ndi zofuna zambiri. Makolo osamala angazindikire chidwi cha mwanayo kumadera ena ndikuchikulitsa, chomwe chidzamupangitse kukhala munthu wopambana. Ndani angagwiritse ntchito autist - amapereka luso lawo labwino - uwu ndi ntchito yomwe siimaphatikizapo kukhudzana kwa nthawi yaitali ndi anthu ena:
- Kujambula bizinesi;
- mapulogalamu;
- kukonza makompyuta, zipangizo zam'nyumba;
- Ngati amakonda zinyama;
- zojambula zosiyanasiyana;
- malonda;
- ntchito mu labotori;
- nkhani;
- ntchito ndi zolemba.
Ndizinthu zamakono ziti?
Kuyembekeza kwa moyo wa anthu autistic kumadalira pa zinthu zabwino zomwe zimakhazikika m'banja limene mwanayo amakhala, ndiye wamkulu. Kuchuluka kwa matenda ndi matenda omwe amachititsa matenda, monga: khunyu, kutaya mtima kwambiri. Zifukwa za nthawi yayitali ya moyo zingakhale ngozi, kudzipha. Mayiko a ku Ulaya afufuzira nkhaniyi. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a autistic spectrum amakhala pafupifupi zaka 18 zochepa.
Anthu Odziwika Otchuka
Pakati pa anthu osamvetseka omwe ali ndi mphatso zamtengo wapatali kapena amatchedwanso savants. Mndandanda wa padziko lonse umasinthidwa ndi mayina atsopano. Masomphenya apadera a zinthu, zinthu ndi zozizwitsa zimaloleza kupanga zojambulajambula zojambulajambula, kupanga zipangizo zatsopano, mankhwala. Ovomerezeka akukopa kwambiri anthu. Zinthu zodabwitsa zamdziko:
- Barron Trump ndi autistic . Maganizo akuti autistic mwana wa Donald Trump adayankhulidwa ndi Blogger, James Hunter, atatulutsa kanema, kumene Barron akuwona khalidwe lachilendo.
- Lewis Carroll ndi autistic . Wolemba wotchuka wa "Alice mu Wonderland" adaonetsa luso lapadera masamu, amasiyana ndi khalidwe labwino, wosasinthasintha. Ndinakonda akuluakulu - kuyankhulana ndi ana.
- Bill Gates ndi autistic . Wachiwerengero cha anthu, mmodzi mwa omwe anayambitsa kampaniyo "Microsoft".
- Albert Einstein ndi autistic . Zizoloŵezi zambiri za asayansi zimawoneka zosamvetseka kwa ena. Malingana ndi mphekesera, mu chipinda chake chovekedwa anayika 7 suti zofanana za tsiku lirilonse la sabata, zomwe zingasonyeze machitidwe osiyana siyana.