Mosakayikira, pakati pathu pali anthu omwe amadziwa kuti nthanga siziri "kubadwa" m'matini, koma zimakula m'minda, zikamera m'matumba akuluakulu. Ndipo kupeza beets pamasamba, pachiyambi muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kuti muchotse pansi.
Kodi mumadziwa kuti zitsamba zonunkhira, zomwe zimachokera ku calcium? Kapena chinanazi? Nanga bwanji za cashews, amondi ndi zina zambiri zowonongeka, mwazinthu zina, yummy, zomwe sizikula m'dera lathu?
1. Mbewu za nyemba
Kumeneko kumakula: samasamu, monga imatchedwanso, imakula ku India, North Africa, Arabia, Pakistan, mayiko a Central ndi South-East Asia, Caucasus.
Mmene mungakulire: imakula pa nthaka loamy, yotentha kufika ku 17 ° C. Anabzala kumayambiriro kwa June. Kukolola ndi September, nthawi pamene masamba a shuga amayenda chikasu ndikugwa.
Pamene ikukolola: Mbewu imabuka m'mabokosi ena, omwe akamatseka, amatsegula pang'ono pang'onopang'ono.
2. Nkhuta
Kumene amamera: Nthanga imachokera ku South America, lero imakula kumwera kwa Ukraine, ku Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, m'mayiko a Transcaucasian, ku Krasnodar Territory.
Mmene mungakulire: chomera chaka chilichonse chikukula bwino pamtunda wa 27 ° C. Imabala pansi pa dziko lapansi. Mbande kuonekera mu Meyi, June-August ndi ngakhale pakati pa September. Msonkhanowu uli ngati kukumba mbatata. Nthawi yokolola imakhala pa September-Oktoba.
Pamene ikupsa: mphukira yakucha mu kutupa ndi kusasunthika pa pericarp, kukumbukira kapsule, yomwe imachotsedwa pamene imanyowa.
3. Cranberries
Kumene kumakulira: ku Russia kumakula cranberries ya mitundu yochepa ya zipatso (tundra, nkhalango, tchire chakumpoto) ndi wamba (kum'mwera kwa Volga, Caucasus, Kuban), kumpoto kwa Paris, North America. Cranberries zazikuluzikulu zimakula m'mapiri a Appalachian.
Mmene mungamere: Zimabzalidwa mumtunda wouma mchenga mwa mawonekedwe a zokwawa. Mbande zimawonekera chakumapeto kwa July ndipo ali ndi greenish, kuwala kofiira. Chaka chilichonse, kuchokera ku chomera chimodzi kupita kumunda, alimi ozungulira amalandira zipatso mazana angapo. Chiyambi cha msonkhanowu ndi September, gawo lachiwiri ndi November ndipo lachitatu likugwa kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Pamene ikukula: mikanda ya ruby ibisala pafupi ndi nthaka pansi pa zomera.
4. Cashew
Kumene kumamera: Mtedza wa Indian, monga umatchedwanso, umachokera ku Brazil dzuwa. Mpaka pano, amakulaponso ku Indonesia, Western, South Africa, India, Iran, Azerbaijan.
Mmene mungakulire: Mtengo uwu wobiriwira nthawi zambiri umakhala mamita 13, ndipo m'madera otentha amatha kufika mamita 30. Ndiwo wodzichepetsa, koma amaopa chisanu. Mbeu zowera zimabzalidwa mu nthaka yathanzi. Cashew akukula mwakuya pamalo amdima komanso mumthunzi wachabechabe.
Pamene ikupsa: maonekedwe, zipatso zakupsa zimawoneka ngati apulo, zomwe nthawi zina zimatchedwa apulose wa cashew. Ogwira ntchito amasonkhanitsa zipatso zokolola (kwa zaka pafupifupi 30,000), kukumbutsanso mawonekedwe a zowonjezereka, zouma padzuwa, ndiyeno kutsukidwa ku chipolopolo. Mwa njira, pakati pa chigoba chake chapamwamba ndi chapakati muli ndi poizoni ya phenolic resin, yomwe, pakhungu, ikhoza kuyambitsa maonekedwe oyaka.
5. Pistachios
Kumene imamera: malo obadwira a mtengo wawung'ono ndi mapiri a kum'mwera chakumadzulo ndi pakatikati a Asia, kumadzulo kwa Turkmenistan, Afghanistan ndi kumpoto kwa Iran. Tsopano zikukula ku USA, Crimea, ku Caucasus.
Mmene mungamere: perekani mtengo uwu ndi zipatso. Imakula pa miyala, nthaka yosauka. Mungathe kupirira nyengo yozizira kwambiri mpaka -25 ° C, chilala, ndipo pambali pake ndikumvera mosamala. Pistachio imatchedwanso amondi abiriwira. Amakula mpaka mamita 10. Zipatso zimawonekera kumapeto kwa July-oyambirira September.
Pamene ikupsa: Nkhumba zogwiritsa ntchito mtedza zimafooka, zokolola zimayamba. Mtengo uyenera kugwedezeka pang'ono kuti pistachios agwe pansi. Mmodzi wamtundu wobiriwira woterewu akhoza kupereka makilogalamu 24 a nthikiti.
6. Chinanazi
Kumene kumakula: Paraguay ndi kum'mwera kwa Brazil. Masiku ano, mapanaphala ambiri amakula kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Dziko la Thailand ndilo mtsogoleri wadziko lonse pantchito yopititsa patsogolo zomera za herbaceous.
Momwe mungakulire: pa minda yomwe imadulidwa pansi pamtunda wosachepera 20 cm. Kuti mukolole bwino, mbande imachiritsidwa ndi acetylene, yomwe imayambitsa chinangwa cha chinanazi. Chipatso ichi chikhoza kupulumuka chilala. Mwa njira, iye samakula pa mtengo wa kanjedza, monga ambiri amakhulupirira, koma pansi ngati kabichi. Kuphuka kumayamba chaka ndi theka mutabzala. Mwana wakhanda amayamba kupanga miyezi 3-6.
Pamene ikupsa: kuchokera pamwamba chinanazi imapereka spicate inflorescence, imene yakucha maluwa. Kumapetoko amapangidwa zipatso, zomwe, zikadzazidwa ndi madzi, zatsekedwa ndi kupanga yowutsa mudyo ndi zokondweretsa zipatso.
7. nyemba za ku Cocoa
Kumene kumakula: mtengo wa chokoleti, dzina lachiwiri la nyemba za koko, wakula ku Central America, Africa. Tsopano wogulitsa wamkulu ndi Cote d'Ivoire. Malo achiwiri akukhala ndi Indonesia. Kumbuyoko kumapita ku Bali, pakati ndi kummawa komwe kuli koyenera kukula nyemba. Ogulitsa amaphatikizaponso mayiko otsatirawa: Ghana. Brazil, Nigeria, Ecuador, Malaysia, Colombia, Cameroon.
Mmene mungakulire: Mtengowu umafika pamtunda wa mamita 15. Umayamba kuphulika ali ndi zaka zisanu, ndipo chipatso chimapezeka zaka 30-80. Chokolola chachikulu chimapezeka m'mitengo yakale kuposa zaka 12. Kukolola kumasonkhanitsidwa kawiri pachaka: yoyamba - kumapeto kwa nyengo yamvula, yachiwiri, yomalizira - isanayambe nyengo ino.
Pamene ikupsa: zipatso zazikulu kufika 20 cm kutalika, zofanana ndi nkhaka ndi mandimu. Poyamba ndi wobiriwira. Pakapita nthawi, imakhala maroon mdima, ndipo yakucha - yonyezimira. Mbewu zazikulu zili mkati mwa chipatsocho ndi khungu lolimba. Zili ndizing'onong'ono ndi zokometsera zamkati, zomwe zili ndi pafupifupi 50 nyemba za nyemba.
8. Zimamera ku Brussels
Kumene imamera: inali ku Mediterranean, imachokera ku kabichi yamasamba. Amalimidwa ku Western Europe, Canada, USA ndi madera apakati a Russia.
Momwe mungakulire: munabzala mu nthaka yachonde ya loamy, yodzaza ndi zinthu zakuthupi, kumapeto kwa May kapena kumayambiriro kwa June. Kukolola kumapeto kwa September.
Pamene ikuphuka: kuzungulira kozungulira kuzungulira mawonekedwe amitundu yonse. Chomera chimodzicho chimapanga kuchokera 20-40 kapena kuposa kochanchikov masekeli 8-15 g.
9. Vanilla
Kumene kumakulira: wobala wamkulu kwambiri ndi Madagascar. Itatha ku China ndi Indonesia.
Mmene mungamere: vanila amatanthauza lianas a m'banja la Orchid. Kuti iye akule, iye amamangiriridwa ku mtengo wapadera wothandizira, umene umamupangitsa iwo kukhala mthunzi ndi wowonjezera kutentha. Vanilita amakonda kwambiri chinyezi ndi kutentha. Liana iyi imakula zaka 10-12. Pofuna kulenga mapepala am'tsogolo a vanila, amakhala ndi mungu wochokera pamanja. Vanila yosasinthidwa imachotsedwera ndipo imachitidwa nthawi yaitali.
Monga kucha: pakatikati pa mwezi wa June pa mitengo ya mpesa imakula mpaka masentimita 22 m'litali. Atatha kusonkhanitsa, amawotcha madzi otentha, ataphimbidwa ndi mabulangete ndipo amasiya tsiku. Kenaka amauma panthaka kwa maola pafupifupi 5. Panthawiyi nyemba zam'madzi "zimalemera" nthawi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Kenaka iwo amasankhidwa ndi kukula, kusungidwa m'mitolo ndipo amatumizidwa ku nyumba yosungira katundu. Tsopano inu mumayamba kumvetsa chifukwa chake mapirala a vanilla ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri.
10. Amondi
Kumene kumakula: ku Crimea, Asia, Caucasus, Himalayas, Tien Shan, USA, Tajikistan, Israel.
Wakulira: amondi amamera pa miyala yokhala ndi miyala komanso miyala. Malo okonda kuwala ndi okonda dothi la calcium. Anabzala kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira kapena kumayambiriro kwa kasupe. Chitsamba chokwera mamita 4-6 mamita mu March-April, ndipo zipatso zimawonekera mu June-July. Fruiting imayamba ndi zaka 4-5 ndipo imatha zaka 50. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mtengo wa amondi uli ndi zaka 130.
Pamene ikupsa: chipatso ndi chouma, velvety odnokostyanku. Kumayambiriro kwa September, chipolopolo cha amondi aphulika chimaphulika. Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, pericarp imakhala youma ndipo imachotsedwa ku fupa. Zokolola zimakololedwa ndi timitengo 4 mamita kutalika komanso mothandizidwa ndi maukonde akuluakulu omwe ali pamtengowo, kenako antchito amayamba kuwombera. Maluwa a amondi omwe amasonkhanitsidwa amayamba kukonza.