Taj Mahal ndi malo okongola kwambiri omwe amapezeka ku India kuyambira ku Great Mogul. Taj inamangidwa monga mausoleum a mkazi wokondedwa wa Shah-Jahan - Mumtaz-Mahal, yemwe adamwalira panthawi yobereka. Shah Jahal mwiniwake anaikidwa m'manda ku Taj Mahal. Mawu akuti Taj Mahal amatanthauzira kuti "Nyumba Yaikuru Kwambiri": Taj ali mu kumasulira - korona, malo olemekezeka - nyumba yachifumu.
Taj Mahal - mbiri ya chilengedwe
Mbiri ya kulengedwa kwa imodzi mwa zokopa za India inayamba mu 1630. Taj Mahal anamangidwa m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Jamna, kumwera kwa mzinda wa Agra. Maofesi a Taj Mahal ndi awa:
- minarets;
- mzikiti;
- jawab;
- Chipata chachikulu.
Anthu oposa 20,000 amisiri ndi amisiri amapanga ntchito yomanga Taj. Nyumbayi inakhala zaka khumi ndi ziwiri. Masokoum-Mosque umaphatikizapo mafashoni a Perisiya, Indian, a Islamic. Kutalika kwa nyumba zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, pamakona a nyumba yokhala ndi minaire. Mitengoyi imayendetsedwa kumbali kotero kuti, ikawonongedwa, sawononga manda a shah ndi mkazi wake.
Mausoleum akuzunguliridwa ndi munda wokongola wokhala ndi kasupe komanso dziwe losambira kumene nyumba yonseyo ikuwonetseredwa. Mausoleum a Taj Mahal, omwe ali mumzinda wa Agra, ndi otchuka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake: ngati mutabwerera kumbuyo, ndiye kuti nyumbayo ikuwoneka yayikulu poyerekeza ndi mitengo yozungulira. Pakatikati mwa zovutazi ndi malo oikidwa m'manda. Ndilo dongosolo lopangidwa ndi chigoba, lokhazikitsidwa pazitali zazitali ndipo lamangidwa ndi dome lalikulu. Kutalika kwa dome lalikulu, kumangidwa mofanana ndi babu, ndi kodabwitsa - mamita 35. Pamwamba pa pakhomo muli chiwerengero cha chi Persian.
Kodi Taj Mahal ndi chiyani?
Mazikowo anali ndi zitsime zodzaza ndi miyala ya miyala. Zipangizozo zinatengedwa pamtunda wa kilomita khumi ndi zisanu mothandizidwa ndi ng'ombe ndi ngolo. Madzi adatengedwa kuchokera mumtsinje ndi dongosolo lachingwe-bucket. Kuchokera ku gombe lalikulu, madzi analowa mu chipinda chogawidwa, kuchokera kumene adaperekedwa kumalo osamangako kupyolera mu mapaipi atatu. Mtengo wa zomangamanga unali ma rupies 32 miliyoni.
Kusamalidwa moyenera kumayenerera zokongoletsera zazikulu: miyala yonyezimira yoyera yopangidwa ndi miyala ya turquoise, agate, malachite. Zonse makumi awiri ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zamtengo wapatali ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali zimayikidwa m'makoma a manda. Marble, kumene mausoleum anapangidwira, anabweretsedwa ku makilomita 300 kuchokera mumzindawu. Masana, makoma a Msikiti amawoneka ofiira, usiku - kutuluka, ndi dzuwa likalowa - pinki.
Ntchito yomanga Taj Mahal inapezeka ndi ambuye osati ku India okha, komanso kuchokera ku Central Asia, Middle East, Persia. Wopanga nyumbayi ndi Ismail Afandi wochokera ku ufumu wa Ottoman. Pali nthano yomwe ili pambali ina ya mtsinje wa Jamna payenera kukhala kopi ya Taj, koma ya mabulosi akuda okha. Nyumbayo siinathe. Pofuna kupanga mahekitala 1.2 m'malo mwa nthaka, adakweza malowa pamtunda wa mamita 50 pamwamba pa mtsinjewo.
Taj Mahal - chidwi chenicheni
Malinga ndi nthano, mwana wake Shah Jahan atayambitsidwa, adakondwera ndi Taj Mahal kuchokera pazenera zake. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti manda a Humayun ku Delhi, ofanana ndi Taj Mahal, ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi Taj Mahal ngati chizindikiro cha chikondi chachikulu pakati pa okwatirana. Ndipo kumanda kwa Delhi kunamangidwa kale, ndipo Shah Jahan adagwiritsa ntchito zomanga manda a mfumu ya Mughal pamene adakonzedwa. Palinso kachigawo kakang'ono ka Taj Mahal komwe kuli mzinda wa Agra. Ndi manda a Itimad-Ud-Daul, omangidwa mu 1628.
Kuyambira mu 1983, Taj Mahal ndi malo a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa mu 2007, Taj Mahal adalowa mndandanda wa Zisanu ndi Zisanu Zosangalatsa za Padziko Lonse.
Pakalipano, palinso vuto losazengereza mtsinje wa Jamna, chifukwa chakuti mausoleum amatha kukhazikika ndi kumang'oma pamakoma. Ndiponso, chifukwa cha mpweya woipa, makoma a Taj, omwe amadziwika chifukwa choyera, amatembenukira chikasu. Nyumbayi imatsukidwa ndi dongo lapadera.
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