Prolactin ndi imodzi mwa mahomoni ofunika kwambiri mu thupi lachikazi. Kuchokera m'choonadi, muzomwe zimakhazikitsidwa, kaya zokhutira zikugwirizana ndi zoyenera, njira zambiri za thupi zimadalira. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane, chomwe chimayambitsa prolactin, chizoloŵezi kwa akazi ndi zaka (tebulo), chomwe chimasonyezedwa ndi zopotoka kuchokera ku chizoloŵezi.
Kodi prolactin ndi yani?
Mahomoniwa, omwe ali a m'banja la mapuloteni onga prolactini, amapangidwa ndi ubongo - m'dera lamkati la chigoba cha pituitary. Kuonjezerapo, mbali imodzi ya kaphatikizidwe ka ziwalozi zimakhudzana ndi ziwalo zina: ziwalo za mammary, placenta, manjenje, chitetezo cha mthupi. M'magazi, prolactin amayenda mosiyanasiyana, mosiyana ndi maselo olemera. Chiwerengero chochulukiracho chimachokera ku kuchuluka kwa prolactin ndi otsika maselo olemera, omwe ali othandiza kwambiri.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a prolactin amawerengedwa ndi njira zambiri komanso zosiyana. Tiyeni tilembe ntchito zake zazikulu mu thupi lachikazi:
- kupanga mapangidwe a chiwerewere chachiwiri pa msinkhu wa msinkhu;
- Kukonzekera kwa kupanga mkaka ndi mankhwala a mammary pambuyo pa kubereka;
- kupewa mimba panthawi yopuma;
- kuchepetsa ululu;
- kuthandizira kugwira ntchito kwa thupi lachikasu lomwe limapanga progesterone;
- kulimbikitsa kusasitsa kwa follicle ndi ovulation;
- lamulo la kulingalira kwa madzi-electrolyte;
- chizoloŵezi cha njira zamagetsi;
- kulimbikitsa mafupa ndi kashiamu;
- kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mitsempha yatsopano;
- mapangidwe a chibadwa cha amayi;
- kukula kwa kugonana, etc.
Kufufuza kwa Prolactin
Pakati pa kuyesedwa kwa magazi mthupi lino simunatsimikizidwe, anthu ambiri ali ndi funso loti atenge Prolactin. Kawirikawiri, chitsogozo cha phunziro lotero chimaperekedwa ndi katswiri wa zazimayi-katswiri wa endocrinologist pamaso pa zodandaula, zomwe zingagwirizane ndi kuswa kwa kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala akugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Kotero, nthawi zambiri magazi amaperekedwa kwa prolactin ngati pangokhala mliri, kutaya kwachilendo kosaoneka bwino, kutalika kwa mimba, kukula kwa tsitsi pamaso, mavuto a khungu, ndi zina zotero.
Kuti mupeze zotsatira zowonjezereka, musangoganizira kokha tsiku lomwe mukuzungulira kuti mupereke prolactin, koma penyani malamulo ena ndikukonzekera. Malamulo akuluakulu ofunikira ma hormoni awa ndi awa:
- Sampuli ya magazi imapangidwa pa 3-5 tsiku la kusamba;
- Chitsanzocho chimachotsedwa ku mitsempha ya ulnar m'mimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa, maola atatu atadzuka;
- tsiku lomwe lisanafike phunziroli silinapite kukaona sauna, gombe, kutentha, kusokoneza, kugonana;
- Madzulo a chakudya, amafunika kudya zakudya zambiri, kuchepetsa mapuloteni komanso kuthetsa mowa;
- Musanayambe kumwa magazi muyenera kumangokhalira kupsa mtima;
- M'mawa musanayese mayesero, simungasute fodya komanso kumakhudza dera la nkhono.
Chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya ma hormone ku zisonkhezero zambiri zakunja ndi zamkati, kuti tipewe zizindikiro zolakwika, akatswiri ambiri amalimbikitsa kupereka magazi kuti aziphunzira katatu pafupipafupi. Zotsatirazi zimadziwika tsiku limodzi, ndipo dokotala ayenera kutanthauzira zizindikirozo ndikudziwitsa.
Prolactin - chizoloŵezi cha amai (tebulo)
Matenda a prolactin omwe amapezeka m'magazi amasiyana malinga ndi msinkhu, kuchuluka kwa estrogen, kutenga mimba, nthawi ya kuyamwitsa, ndi zina. Kuti zikhale zosavuta kutanthauzira zotsatira za ma prolactini okhudzana ndi amayi, tebulo lomwe limakhala ndi zaka zambiri limaphatikizapo bwino zomwe zimayendera.
Nthawi ya zaka | Chotsatira chachizolowezi, md / l |
ana obadwa kumene | 1700-2000 |
mpaka chaka chimodzi | 630 |
1-10 zaka | 40-400 |
11-16 | 40-600 |
Zaka 16-45 (zaka zobereka) | 40-600 |
45 ndi zina (kusamba kwa nthawi) | 25-400 |
Monga momwe tingawonere kuchokera pa tebulo, malingana ndi mlingo wa homemone prolactin, chizoloŵezi cha amai ndi chimodzimodzi m'zaka zakubadwa pambuyo pa kutha msinkhu komanso kusanayambe kusamba. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kusinthasintha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku n'kovomerezeka, malingana ndi tulo, kudya, nkhawa, kugonana, zotsatira za kutentha, ndi zina zotero. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kaphatikizidwe ka chinthu ichi si chimodzimodzi mu magawo osiyanasiyana a msambo. Izi zimaganizira malamulo okonzekera kusanthula.
Prolactin mu mimba ndi yachilendo
Prolactin, mlingo umene amai amakhala nawo pamene akubereka mwana amasintha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa thupi m'thupi, amayamba pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka kale m'miyezi itatu yoyambirira ndipo amakhalabe okwera mpaka atabereka (masiku angapo asanabadwe, kuchepa pang'ono). Pankhaniyi, tebulo lotsatila likugwiritsidwa ntchito, kumene chizoloŵezi cha prolactin mwa amayi chimawonetsedwa osati ndi zaka, koma ndi nthawi ya mimba.
Nthawi yobereka mwana | Chotsatira chachizolowezi, md / l |
Masabata 8-12 | 500-2000 |
Masabata 13-27 | 2000-6000 |
kuyambira masabata 28 | 4000-10000 |
Kusanthula kwa prolactin pamene ali ndi mimba sikunayankhidwe kawirikawiri, ndipo akatswiri ambiri amaona kuti izo sizingaphunzitse, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zotsatira zowoneka bwino. Ngati chofunika choterocho chikachitika, ndiye monga chizolowezi amatsogoleredwa ndi mtengo wa 10000 mU / l, womwe suyenera kupitilira, ngati chirichonse chiri mthupi la mkazi ndi mwana wamtsogolo chikuchitika bwino.
Prolactinamu pa makiteriya - kawirikawiri kapena mlingo
Pambuyo pobereka, mlingo wa prolactin umadalira mtundu wa kuyamwitsa. Pakakhala chakudya chodziwika popanda kugwiritsa ntchito bere, pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kwa homoniyi kumakhala pamtunda wa 400-600 mU / l. Ngati mayi akuyamwitsa, nthawi zambiri mwanayo amamwa, amakula msinkhu. Tebulo lotsatira lidzakuwuzani kuchuluka kwa ma hormone prolactin (kawirikawiri, malinga ndi nthawi yopatsa).
Nthawi yogwirizana | Chotsatira chachizolowezi, md / l |
miyezi 6 yoyambirira | 2500 |
Miyezi 7-12 | 1000-1200 |
kuchokera miyezi 12 | 600-1000 |
Prolactin pakuyamba kusamba ndi zachilendo kwa amayi
Pambuyo pa kutha kwa msambo, pamene kukonzanso kwakukulu kwa mahomoni kumachitika thupi lachikazi, mlingo wa prolactin, monga mahomoni ambiri, umayamba kuchepa. Kawirikawiri, mfundo zake m'zaka zapitazi zimachoka pa 25 mpaka 400 mU / L (deta ili ndi tebulo - prolactin, zomwe zimachitika kwa akazi ndi zaka). Chaka chilichonse makhalidwe amenewa akuchepa.
Hyperprolactinemia kwa akazi - ndi chiyani?
Ngati kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti prolactini imakwezeka kwa mkazi, pamene iye alibe pakati, sichiyamwitsa, mikhalidwe yonse yosonkhanitsira magazi imakwaniritsidwa (mwachitsanzo, ziwalo za thupi zowonjezerapo zowonjezereka sizikuwonetsedwa), munthu ayenera kuyang'ana chifukwa cha matenda. Matendawa amatchedwa hyperprolactinemia ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunika kusintha.
Zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa prolactin
Mapuloteni apamwamba angayambidwe ndi magulu atatu a zifukwa:
1. Organic:
- mitsempha yamtundu wa pituitary (prolactinoma, adenoma, meningioma, etc.);
- ziphuphu za hypothalamus (glioma, germinoma, etc.);
- ziphuphu za ubongo;
- zolakwika za hypothalamus;
- kutsekemera kwa dera la hypothalamic;
- matenda odulidwa mwendo wa thupi lopuma, ndi zina zotero.
2. Kugwira ntchito:
- chiwindi cha chiwindi;
- choyambirira hypothyroidism;
- polycystic ovary;
- systemic lupus erythematosus;
- kuperewera kwa chiwindi;
- kusakwanira kwa adrenal cortex;
- zochita opaleshoni mu thorax;
- mabwinja, ndi zina zotero.
3. Mankhwala - kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo:
- antiemetics;
- antipsychotics;
- estrogen yokonzekera;
- antihistamines;
- otsutsa kashiamu , ndi zina zotero.
Hyperprolactinemia kwa amayi - zizindikiro
Kuwonjezeka kwa prolactin nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo mawonetseredwe otsatirawa:
- kuchotsa kumatenda a mammary;
- ululu mu mammary glands;
- zisindikizo mu chifuwa;
- kuuma kwa nyini ;
- zovuta zokhudzana ndi msambo;
- kumutu kwa mutu;
- kufooka kwa chidziwitso;
- kuwonongeka kwa masomphenya;
- kunenepa kwambiri;
- kuchepetsa libido;
- seborrhea wa scalp ;
- chitowe;
- kuwonjezeka kwa tsitsi pa thupi;
- kusokonezeka kugona, ndi zina zotero.
Hyperprolactinemia mwa amayi - mankhwala
Ngati zotsatira za kuyesedwa kwa magazi zimayambitsa hyperprolactinemia kwa amayi, pomwe pali maonekedwe osayenera, kuti adziwe matenda ovuta, njira zowonjezereka zowunikira zikulimbikitsidwa, pakati pawo:
- mayeso a mahomoni a chithokomiro, mahomoni ogonana;
- kuyesa magazi;
- Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro , ziwalo zouma, mimba ya m'mimba;
- maginito resonance kapena computed tomography ya ubongo.
Chithandizo chimadalira zosayembekezereka. Pankhani ya kuzindikira kwa ubongo wa ubongo, chithandizo cha opaleshoni, nthawi zambiri kuphatikizapo radiotherapy, chingatchulidwe. Nthawi zina, njira zazikulu zamankhwala ndizo mankhwala, pofuna kuthetsa vutoli. Kuphatikizanso, makamaka kuti kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma hormone, mankhwala a dopaminomimetic (Bromocriptine, Kabergolin, ndi zina zotero) angathe kulembedwa.
Kuchepetsa prolactin
Prolactin yochepa imakhala yosavomerezeka, ndipo zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri ndi izi:
- kutenga mimba msanga;
- kupweteka kwa pambuyo pa ubongo wa pituitary;
- kumwa mankhwala ena (anticonvulsants, dopaminergic mankhwala, etc.).