M'maganizo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo - mndandanda wa mankhwala ndiwopambana. Mankhwala a kagulu kameneka amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yovuta kwambiri yakatikatikati ya mitsempha. Ambiri a iwo ali ndi mndandandanda waukulu wa zotsutsana, choncho dokotala ayenera kuwalamula kuti azipereka mlingo.
Zomwe zimagwira ntchito
Gulu ili la mankhwala likuwoneka posachedwapa. Poyamba, opiates, belladonna kapena bleach ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza odwala ndi psychoses. Kuphatikizanso, ma bromides ojambulidwa mkati mwa intravenously. M'zaka makumi asanu zapitazo, odwala omwe ali ndi maganizo opatsirana amapatsidwa antihistamines. Komabe, patatha zaka zingapo, anthu odwala matenda a ubongo a m'badwo woyamba adayambanso. Dzina lawo ndilo chifukwa cha zotsatira pa thupi. Kuchokera ku Chigiriki "νεῦρον" kwenikweni amatembenuzidwa kuti "neuron" kapena "mitsempha", ndi "λῆψις" - "catch".
Mwachidule, zotsatira zokhudzana ndi ubongo ndi zotsatira za mankhwala omwe ali ndi gulu la mankhwalawa pa thupi. Mankhwalawa amadziwika ndi zotsatira za mankhwala:
- ali ndi zotsatira zokhudzana ndi mankhwala (mankhwala amachititsa kuti kutentha kwa thupi kuchepetse);
- Zidzakhala zovuta (mankhwala amathandiza wodwalayo);
- perekani antiemetic effect;
- khalani ndi mtendere;
- perekani zotsatira zowonongeka;
- khalani ndi zotsutsana ndi zizindikiro komanso zotsutsana;
- normalize khalidwe;
- kuthandizira kuchepetsa kusintha kwa zamasamba;
- chizolowezi cha potentsiruyut cha zakumwa zoledzeretsa, zakumwa za mankhwala osokoneza bongo , zotsitsimula komanso zowononga.
Chizindikiro cha antipsychotics
Mndandanda wa mankhwala mu gulu ili ndiwopambana. Pali antipsychotics osiyanasiyana - mtunduwu umaphatikizapo kusiyana kwa mankhwala pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Onse odwala matendawa amagawanika m'magulu oterewa:
- choyimira;
- zovuta.
Komanso, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amasiyana malinga ndi zotsatira za mankhwala:
- chiwonongeko;
- cholimbikitsa;
- antipsychotic.
Malinga ndi nthawi ya kutsegula, antipsychotics angakhale:
- mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
- mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Mankhwala odana ndi antipychotic
Kukonzekera kwa gulu la mankhwalawa kumasiyana ndi mphamvu zachipatala. Awa ndi antipsychotics. Akatengedwa, mwayi wotsatira zotsatira udzayamba kuwoneka. Mankhwala oterewa (mndandanda wa mankhwala ndi ofunika kwambiri) angachoke ku mankhwala otsatirawa:
- phenothiazine;
- chithunzi;
- butyrophenone;
- indole;
- benzodiazepine;
- diphenylbutylpiperidine.
Pachifukwa ichi, phenothiazines amasiyana ndi mankhwala awo m'magulu otere:
- kukhala ndi maziko a piperazine;
- kukhala ndi aliphatic bond;
- ndikati ya pyridine.
Kuonjezera apo, antipsychotics (mndandanda wa mankhwala omwe wapatsidwa pansipa) kuti ukhale wogwira mtima ukhoza kusiyanitsidwa m'magulu awa:
- otonthoza;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
- antipsychotics amphamvu.
Atypical antipsychotics
Awa ndiwo mankhwala amasiku ano omwe angathe kuwonetsa zotsatira zotere pa thupi:
- kuonjezera chidwi ndi kukumbukira;
- khalani ndi chiwonongeko;
- khala ndi antipsychotic effect;
- zimasiyana ndi ubongo.
Mankhwala oteteza antipychotics ali ndi ubwino wotere:
- magalimoto oterewa sapezeka;
- vuto lochepa la mavuto;
- ndondomeko ya prolactin pafupifupi sasintha;
- Mwachangu mankhwala oterowo amachotsedwa ndi excretory system;
- pafupifupi samakhudza kagayidwe kake ka dopamine;
- amalekerera mosavuta ndi odwala;
- Angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza ana.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magazi - zizindikiro zogwiritsiridwa ntchito
Mankhwala a gulu ili amalembedwa kuti azikhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya etiology. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza odwala a msinkhu uliwonse, kuphatikizapo ana ndi okalamba. Umboni wokhudzana ndi ubongo uli ndi izi:
- matenda osokoneza maganizo;
- kusokonezeka maganizo;
- matenda osagona ;
- kusanza kosatha;
- Matenda a Tourette ;
- kusokonezeka kwa chikhalidwe cha somatoform ndi psychosomatic;
- chisokonezo;
- phobias ;
- zovuta zamagalimoto;
- kukonzekeretsa odwala;
- malingaliro ndi zina zotero.
Zotsatira Zotsatira za Opaleshoni Yokwanira Kwambiri
Mpata wokhala ndi zosayenera ndikudalira zifukwa izi:
- mlingo woyenera;
- nthawi yayitali;
- zaka za wodwala;
- mkhalidwe wake wa thanzi;
- Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala omwe amachotsedwa ndi mankhwala ena omwe wodwala amamwa.
Kaŵirikaŵiri zotsatirapo zotere za zotsekemera zimawonetseredwa:
- Kuphwanya malamulo a endocrine, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati thupi likugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi yayitali;
- kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa chilakolako, ndi kusintha kwa kulemera;
- kugona tulo, komwe kumachitika masiku oyambirira a kumwa mankhwala;
- kuwonjezeka kwa minofu, mawu osokonezeka ndi maonekedwe ena a matenda a mphuno, kusintha kwa mlingo kumathandiza kuthetsa vutoli.
Zosavuta kuzidziwitsidwa ndizomwe zimachitidwa ndi odwala matendawa:
- kusakhalitsa kwa masomphenya;
- zovuta kuntchito za kapangidwe ka zakudya (kudzimbidwa kapena kutsekula m'mimba);
- chovuta kukodza;
- Mlomo wouma kapena salivation wamphamvu;
- chisokonezo;
- mavuto ndi kutsegula.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ziwalo za m'mimba
Pali njira zingapo zopangira mankhwala a gululi. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo angagwiritsidwe ntchito motere:
- Njira yofulumira - mlingo umabweretsedweratu mkati mwa masiku awiri, ndipo pambuyo pake njira yonse ya chithandizo imasungidwa pa msinkhu uwu.
- Kuwongolera pang'ono kumatanthauza kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe atengedwa. Pambuyo pa nthawi yonse yothandizira, imasungidwa pa mulingo woyenera.
- Njira ya Zigzag - wodwala amatenga mankhwalawa pamitengo yapamwamba, kenako amachepetsanso, kenako amachulukanso. Ulendo uwu ndi njira yonse yopiritsira.
- Kuchiza ndi mankhwala omwe amapuma mu masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi limodzi.
- Kudodometsa mankhwala - kawiri pa sabata wodwalayo amatenga mankhwalawo muyezo waukulu kwambiri. Chotsatira chake, thupi lake limagonjetsedwa ndi chemoshock, ndipo psychoses imasiya.
- Njira yowonjezereka - njira yomwe mankhwala osiyanasiyana a psychotropic amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse.
Asanasankhe antipsychotics (mndandanda wa mankhwala ambiri), adokotala adzafufuza kuti adziwe ngati wodwalayo ali ndi zotsutsana. Kuchokera kuchipatala mankhwala gululi liyenera kukana pazochitika zonsezi:
- mimba;
- kukhalapo kwa glaucoma;
- matenda ku ntchito ya mtima;
- zowopsa kwa antipsychotics;
- chiwombankhanga;
- kuyamwitsa ndi zina zotero.
Kuonjezera apo, mankhwalawa amatengera mankhwala omwe amatengedwa nawo nthawi imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mankhwala oledzeretsawa ali oledzera, izi zidzakulitsa kuchitapo kanthu kwa woyamba ndi wachiwiri. Pokhala ndi duet chotero, kudzimbidwa kumakhala kawirikawiri ndipo kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatuluka. Komabe, pali zinthu zosayenera (nthawizina zoopsa):
- Kutenga khunyu kamodzi kokha ndi ma benzodiazepines kungayambitse kupuma kwa maganizo.
- Antihistamines mu duet ali ndi antipsychotics amachititsa kusagwira ntchito mu CNS.
- Insulini, antiticonvulsant, antidiabetics ndi mowa zimachepetsa mphamvu ya anthu odwala matendawa.
- Kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo kwa antipsychotics ndi tetracyclines kumapangitsa kuti chiwindi chiwonongeke ndi poizoni.
Ndizitenga nthawi yaitali bwanji nditatenga antipsychotics?
Ndondomeko ndi nthawi ya chithandizo chalembedwa ndi dokotala. Nthaŵi zina, dokotala, atatha kufufuza njira zothandizira, akhoza kuwerengera kuti pali maphunziro okwanira ndi masabata asanu ndi limodzi. Mwachitsanzo, tenga odwala matenda osokoneza bongo. Komabe, nthawi zambiri maphunzirowa sali okwanira kuti apeze zotsatira zamuyaya, choncho adokotala akupereka chithandizo cha nthawi yaitali. Kwa odwala payekha, amatha kukhala ndi moyo nthawi zonse (nthawi ndi nthawi amapuma pang'ono).
Kuchotsa antipsychotics
Pambuyo posiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala (izi kawirikawiri zimawonedwa pamene mutenga nthumwi ya gulu), mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ukhoza kuwonjezereka. Matendawa amayamba kudziwonetsera pomwepo. Amayimitsidwa mkati mwa milungu iwiri. Kuti athetse vuto la wodwalayo, adokotala akhoza kumamasulira pang'ono kuchokera ku antipsychotics kuti akhale osangalatsa. Kuonjezerapo, dokotala pazochitika zotere amatha kupereka mavitamini a gulu B.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo - mndandanda
Antipsychotics akuyimiridwa mu zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana. Katswiri ali ndi mwayi wosankha opaleshoni yabwino kwa wodwalayo - mndandanda wa mankhwala nthawi zonse uli pafupi. Musanapite kukaonana, dokotala amadziwa momwe munthuyo akumvera ndipo pambuyo pake atapanga chisankho cha mankhwala omwe angamupatse. Ngati palibe chifukwa chofunikirako, mankhwalawa akhoza kutumizidwa ndi katswiri - mndandanda wa mankhwala amathandiza kusankha "m'malo". Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, dokotala adzapereka mlingo woyenera wa mankhwala atsopano.
Mibadwo ya antipsychotics
Mankhwala oteteza antipsychotics amadziwika ndi mankhwala awa:
- Chlorpromazine;
- Haloperidol;
- Molindon;
- Thioridazine ndi zina zotero.
Ambiri omwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi mitsempha yatsopano ya m'badwo watsopano wopanda zotsatira zake:
- Abilifay;
- Fluphenazine;
- Quetiapine;
- Fluanexol;
- Triftazine;
- Levomepromazine.
Odwala matendawa - mndandanda wa zinthu zopanda malamulo
Pali mankhwala ochepa chabe. Komabe, munthu sayenera kuganiza kuti kudzipiritsa kumakhala kotetezeka kwa iwo: ngakhale antipsychotics amaperekedwa popanda malamulo ayenera kutengedwa moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Amadziwa njira ya mankhwalawa ndipo amalimbikitsa mlingo woyenera. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo popanda mankhwala - mndandanda wa mankhwala omwe alipo:
- Olanzapine;
- Serdolect;
- Ariprizol;
- Etperazine;
- Chlorprotixen.
Mankhwala othandiza kwambiri
Njira zotetezeka komanso zogwira mtima zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Odwala matenda a maganizo a m'badwo watsopanowu amatchulidwa kawirikawiri:
- Sertindol;
- Solian;
- Zeldox;
- Lakvel;
- Clozapine;
- Chigawo;
- Prosulfin;
- Betamax;
- Limipranil ndi ena.