Mtsinje wa Pochayna wa Kiev umabisa zinsinsi zenizeni za Ubatizo wa Rus, umene palibe wina amakumbukira kwa nthawi yaitali ...
M'mbiri ya miyambo yakale yakale, munthu akhoza kupeza zinthu zakuthupi zapadera, atayika pamapu ndi nthawi. Mmodzi wa iwo anali mtsinje wa Pochayna wa Kiev - woyang'anira bwino wa Dnieper, momwe, malinga ndi mbiri yakale, Ubatizo wa Rus unachitika. Zilipodi, zinachotsedwa m'mapu ndi kukumbukira anthu, koma zinawuka.
Mbiri ya Pochaina
Mabuku a sukulu amanena kuti mu Dnieper, Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich mu 988, anagwira msonkhano woyamba wa ubatizo wa anthu a Kiev. Aliyense amadziwa kuti mphindi yomweyi inali chiyambi cha Orthodoxy m'dera la Kievan Rus, koma anthu owerengeka ndi ofunika kwambiri. Malo enieni a sakramenti anali ndendende Pochayna kapena Smorodina, monga amatchulidwira m'mabuku ena. Pa phwando la Epiphany, pambuyo pa kutembenuka ku Chikhristu kumalo awa, Kuyeretsedwa kwakukulu kwa madzi kunakonzedweratu, patsogolo pake pembedzero lachipembedzo linakonzedwa chaka chilichonse. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mbiri yakale yakale komanso mabuku a zolemba za Soviet panthaŵi yomwe akatswiri a mbiriyakale amakana izi.
Chisankho cha malo obatizidwa chinali chopindulitsa pazochitika zonse. Choyamba, mtsinjewo unkatanthauza kuti anthu akale a Kiev amakhala oposa Dnieper pawokha. Chachiwiri, anthu ambiri komanso zowonongeka za mzindawo zinali kumphepete mwa nyanja. Ndipo lachitatu, lolemetsa kwambiri, chifukwa cha ubatizo ku Pochayna linali mabanki osatchuka a Dnieper ndi ming'alu yaminga, kuti adziwe momwe palibe amene ankafuna.
Ubatizo unali bwanji?
M'mbuyomo ya Orthodox ndi nkhani zamatsenga, Pochayna nayenso anatha kusiya chizindikiro. Ankaonedwa ngati fanizo la kalemba la Greek, limene akufa anawatengera kudziko lina lotsatira. Mmenemo munali Njoka Gorynych ndi mitu itatu ndi miyeso khumi ndi iwiri, yomwe ma Dobrynya Nikitich, Alyosha Popovich ndi Ilya Muromets analankhula. Apa, asanabatizidwe, fano la Veles - woyera mtima wonyamula nyama, ochita malonda ndi amatsenga, kachiwiri pambuyo pa Perun ofunika kwambiri mu mulungu wa milungu, anagonjetsedwa. Umboni winanso, wotsimikizira udindo wa Pochayna pakuvomerezedwa kwa Orthodoxy: mu 1975 akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale anapeza apa mtengo wopatulika wa Perun ndi Veles, umene unkachita malo olambirira.
Pambuyo pa chiwonongeko cha akachisi a milungu yakale, Prince Vladimir adaitana anthu kuti abatizidwe ndikubwerera ku Tchalitchi cha Constantinople. Pa mwambowu onse ochita nawo mwambowo anaperekedwa pemphero:
"Mulungu wamkulu, polenga kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi! Penyani kwa anthu atsopano, ndipo perekani kwa iwo, O Ambuye, kwa inu, Mulungu woona, monga ndakubweretserani ku dziko lachikhristu, ndi kukhazikitsa chikhulupiriro mwa iwo moyenera ndi mopanda malire, ndipo mundithandize ine, Ambuye, kutsutsa mdani, ndikuyembekeza inu ndi mphamvu zanu, Pewani ziwembu zake! "
Maluso osadziwika a mtsinje wopatulika
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, pamene chikhulupiriro cha anthu pazikhulupiriro za chipembedzo chomwe adalandira chinafooka, mtsinjewo unayamba kuchoka kwa iwo. Poyamba "anabisa" chitsime chake: olemba mbiri onse adagawidwa m'magulu awiri, akukangana ngati ali ku Jordan kapena nyanja ya Kirillovsky. Kufufuza kwa mbiri yakale ndi zolemba zakale zapitazi sizitanthauzirapo kanthu: mtsinjewo ngati "sunatheke" kuonekera kwa anthu kwa zaka zambiri. M'kupita kwanthawi, ngakhale gulu la akatswiri a mbiri yakale, adakhulupirira kuti "ufulu" wa Pochayny kuchokera ku Dnieper, adawonekera.
Wotsutsa komanso wofufuza mbiri ya mtsinje wakale Annabel Morina amakhulupirira kuti akatswiri a mbiriyakale adakalibe kuvomereza:
"Mitsinje yayikulu yamadzi inathamanga kuchokera kumtunda kuchokera kumadzulo, osati kuchokera kummawa, kumene Dnieper imatuluka. Mbiri iyi ya Voditsa ya mtsinje, inayesedwa kuti ndiyo yoyamba yoyamba yolondola ya Pochayna. Awa ndi Minofu, Linnet, Chicken Brod, Zapadinka, Srets. Mwa njira, pa mapu a 1695 okonzedwa ndi Lieutenant-Colonel Ushakov pondipempha kwa Peter I, zikuwonekera momwe Zitsulo zikuyenda mu Nyanja ya Dolgoe (Kirillovskoe), yomwe Pochayna inagwirizana. M'dera la malire achilengedwe a Khreshchatyk, pafupi ndi chigawo cha Magdeburg, mungathe kuona piritsi la chikumbutso ndi mawu omwe mu 988 a Rus anabatizidwira mu confluence ya Dnieper ndi Pochaina mafunde. "
Pambuyo pake Pochayna ndipo nthawi zonse ankawoneka kuti akufuna kutaya pamaso pa anthu. Ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma 1900 panali dziwe lalikulu, losiyana ndi Dnieper long oblique. Nthaŵi ina pamtunda wake wapamwamba panali doko lalikulu lakalekale, limene linasinthidwa bwino ndi chithandizo cha ngalande. Otsatira omwe adakumbidwa mu 1712 kuti athe kuyendetsa ngalawa kumtunda.
Kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, pamene chikhulupiriro cha anthu m'madera apamwamba chinagwa, Pochayna anayamba kukhala wovuta kwambiri. Kumangidwa kwa Northern Railway Ring kunayamba, kudula mtsinje wochititsa chidwi kuchokera ku doko. M'zaka za m'ma 70s, nthambi zotsalira za mtsinjewu zinayamba kugona, ngakhale zotsutsa za anthu okhalamo. Kuchokera mumtsinje kunali Nyanja Opechen yokha - ndiyeno, chifukwa cha bwalo lomwe linayikidwa bwino. Pochayna "anasiya" pansi pa nthaka, kukhala dongosolo la nyanja m'mabwato a pansi pa nthaka, omwe amachokera mtsinje wawung'ono pafupi ndi Moscow Avenue. Anthu potsirizira pake anakhumudwitsa mtsinje waukulu, ndikuupatsa udindo wa "zida zamakono."
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, opanga kuchokera ku Kiev anayamba kunena kuti palibe Pochayny. Annabelle anasonkhanitsa otsutsa kuti achepetse msewu pamtsinje wachilengedwe. Odzipereka apanga Pochayny kulowa m'mabuku ndi ma mapu, komanso kuwateteza ku chiwonongeko. Annabel akunena za zochita zake monga izi:
"Sitiyenera kukhala mbadwo umene udzatsirize mtsinje wa mbiriyi."
Mwachiwonekere, poyamikira chifukwa cha ichi mtsinjewo unamuwonetsa mu 2017 chozizwitsa chatsopano, chomwe mtsikanayo adamuwuza kale nyuzipepala kuti:
"Pa phwando la ubatizo, usiku wa 18-19 January, madzi anayeretsedwa mu mtsinje wa Pochayna ndi nyanja ya Yordano, yomwe ili pa bedi lake lakukalamba. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu zaka zambiri za kusazindikira. Ine ndinalipo ndipo, ndithudi, ndasamba. Zinali zochititsa chidwi kwambiri, zamphamvu ndi zowala. Ndipo tsiku lotsatira tidaona momwe zasinthira ku Pochayne ... Zozizwitsa zili pafupi, ndizofunikira kuzizindikira, ndipo dziko limasinthidwa nthawi yomweyo. "