Mayeso a Mantoux amatanthauza kuyezetsa kuyesa ma laboratory. Amachitidwa kwa ana pofuna cholinga choletsa kupewa matenda a chifuwa chachikulu . Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane njira, zenizeni za kayendedwe kawo, ndikukhala pa kuyesa kwa zotsatira zomwe zapezeka.
Chitsanzo cha Mantoux chimapangidwa
Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chitsanzo cha tuberculin ndizovuta. Maziko a mankhwala ndi tuberculin. Zapangidwa kuchokera ku chisakanizo cha chikhalidwe cha mycobacteria ya mtundu wa anthu ndi nkhumba. Poyamba, iwo amalephera kusamalidwa panthawi yotentha, kenako amatsukidwa ndi ultraviolet ndipo amathamanga ndi trichloroacetic acid. Gawo lotsiriza la kukonzekera ndi mankhwala a osakaniza ndi ethyl mowa ndi ether. Zigawozi zimagwira ntchito yotetezera.
Kuwonjezera pa maziko omwe alipo, tuberculin, mayeso a Mantoux ali ndi:
- mchere wa phosphates;
- sodium chloride;
- phenol;
- stabilizer "Twin-80".
Mayeso a Mantoux - ndi liti?
Izi ziyenera kunenedwa kuti chitsanzo ichi chikusonyeza kuyankha kwa kuyambika kwa tuberculin m'thupi. Pa malo opangira jekeseni, kuyang'anitsitsa pang'ono kukupangika. Nthawi yomweyo miyeso yake imayesedwa potsatira ndondomekoyi. Mayeso oyamba a Mantoux amachitika patapita miyezi 12 kuchokera pamene zinyama zinabereka. Kuyesa koyambirira, pa miyezi iwiri, ndiloledwa pamene chithandizo cha BCG sichinayambe kuchipatala.
Kawirikawiri, kubereka kovuta, zobereka sizimalola kuti katemera atenge. Zikatero, musanayambe kutchulidwa kwa BCG, mayeso a tuberculin amachitidwa mwamsanga, Mantoux. Zimakupatsani inu kuchotsa matenda a mwanayo ndi ndodo ya Koch. Pambuyo pake, phunziroli likuchitidwa pachaka, 1 nthawi. Ngati njira yothetsera tuberculin ikuwonjezeka, makolo a mwanayo kapena okondedwa ake omwe akukumana naye, adapeza ndodo ya Koch , chitsanzochi chikuchitika 2-3 nthawi pachaka.
Mchitidwe wa mayeso a Mantoux
Sirinji yapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesera. Mankhwalawa amalowetsedwa mkati mwa intradermally, pakatikati mwa magawo atatu a mkati mkati mwa pamwamba. Kukonzekera koyambirira sikofunikira, kumachitika nthawi iliyonse. Madokotala amauza makolo pasadakhale kuti mwanayo ayesedwa Mantoux, yemwe algorithm yake ili motere:
- Ubweya wa thonje wokhotakhotakhota umagwira malo olamulira.
- Silingano imakwera mmwamba, khungu limatambasula pang'ono.
- Khola la singano limaphatikizidwa kwathunthu mu khungu, kukweza pang'ono mmwamba ndikuyiramo mankhwala.
- Pambuyo pake, kutupa kochepa kumapangidwa, komwe kumatuluka pambuyo pa mphindi zingapo.
- Mlingo wa mankhwala mu chitsanzo cha Mantoux ndi 2 TE (ziwalo za TB) zomwe zili mu 0.1 ml.
Zotsatira za mayeso a Mantoux
Pambuyo poyesedwa Mantoux, zotsatira zimayesedwa pambuyo pa maola 72. Pa malo opangira injection, papule amapangidwa. Moyenerera kukula kwake ndikofunika kwambiri. Kunja, kugundana uku kumakhala kuzungulira, pamwamba pa khungu. Ndichotsatira cha kukhuta kwa khungu ndi ma lymphocytes oyambitsa.
Pogwiritsa ntchito pulezidenti pang'onopang'ono, imakhala ndi chimbudzi choyera. Kukula kwazitsanzo kumayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mtsogoleri woonekera, ndi kuunikira bwino. Iko imayikidwa mopitirira mozungulira ku forearm. Pochita zimenezi, muyeso kukula kwa chidindo chomwecho, osaganizira za bezel wofiira. Ndi zotsatira za momwe thupi limayankhira poyambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndilozolowereka. Pambuyo poyesedwa Mantoux, kuyesa kwa zotsatirapo kwa ana kumachitika kokha ndi dokotala wa ana.
Mayeso olakwika a Mantoux
Pamene kuyesa kwa mayeso a Mantoux akuchitidwa, madokotala samakonda kulemba zotsatira zoipa. Izi zikunenedwa ngati kukula kwa papule sikuposa 1 mm kapena kulibe kwathunthu. Iye akunena kuti wothandizira mankhwalawa sanalowe mu thupi kale kapena matendawa anachitika masabata khumi apitawo, osakhalanso. Zotsatira izi zingasonyeze kuti alibe katemera wa BCG kuchipatala chakumayi.
Kuyesa kukayikira Mantoux
Chiyeso cha Mantoux, chomwe chikhalidwe chake chafotokozedwa pansipa, chingakhale ndi zotsatira zokayikitsa. Izi zikunenedwa pa kukula kwa papule wa 2-4 mm. Ndiponso, ngati atero, kungokhala kofiira pang'ono kungatheke. Zomalizazi zimachitanso pamene malo opangira jekeseni amayamba kugwirizana ndi madzi. Chotsatira chokayikitsa chimafuna kubwereranso kanthawi kochepa, chifukwa chotsatira.
Mayeso abwino a Mantoux
Mayeso a tuberculin amaonedwa kuti ndi abwino pamene chisindikizo chimakhala 5-16 mm. Zotsatira izi zimasonyeza kukhalapo kwa chitetezo champhamvu kwa causative wothandizira TB. Kusintha zotsatirazi kumathandiza kudziwa ngati mwana watenga kachilomboka kale. Kuonjezera apo, zotsatira zabwino zimawoneka kwa ana omwe kale adatemera BCG. Zotsatira zosiyana za zitsanzo zabwino zimasiyanasiyana:
- ochepa mphamvu - oposa 5 mm;
- pafupifupi - 10-14 mm;
- inafotokozedwa - 15-16 mm.
Njira yoyamba yokhudzidwa ndi tuberculin ikhoza kusonyeza matenda oyambirira. Komabe, ngakhale zotsatira zotere sizigwiritsidwe ntchito popanga matenda - zimadalira kuyang'anitsitsa ndi kubwereza zitsanzo mu nthawi yochepa. Ana ali ndi zaka 2-3, mayeso abwino a Mantoux angathe kuonedwa kuti ndi odwala, omwe amafunika kusamala, osagwirizana.
Kuzindikira kwa "kutembenuka kwa test tuberculin" - ndi chiyani?
Mawu akuti "kutembenuzidwa kwa test tuberculin" amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchula mkhalidwe umene zotsatira zotsutsana za phunziroli zimatembenuza zabwino. Pachifukwa ichi, zizindikiro zotsatirazi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matendawa ndizosiyana:
- Chizindikiro choyamba choyamba chimapangitsa kuti munthu asamangokhalira kumvetsetsa.
- kukula kwa jekeseni ya post-injection kuwonjezeka kufika 17-20 mm;
- Kukula kwake kwa papule ndi chitsanzo chotsatira ndi chachikulu kusiyana ndi chaka chapakati ndi 6 mm.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti chitsanzo chokha sichikulolani kuganizira zokhudzana ndi matenda opatsirana. Nthawi zina, kuwonjezeka kwa thumba lomwe limapangidwira pamalo opangiramo jekeseni ndi chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika. Kuti asatengere matenda osiyanasiyana, madokotala amapanga zowonjezereka patapita kanthawi. Kawirikawiri, kupindika kwa chifuwa cha tuberculin kwa ana kumasonyeza mbiri ya chifuwa chachikulu cha TB chaka chatha.
Zovuta za test tuberculin
Mayeso a tuberculin a Mantoux ndi njira yomwe maselo ofooka a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amalowa m'thupi. Chifukwa cha ichi, mavuto amatha. Kawirikawiri zotsatira za kukhazikitsidwa kwa tuberculin kwa ana ndizosavomerezeka. Zina mwa zotsatira zake, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa:
- kutentha kwa thupi;
- chills;
- maonekedwe a chizungulire;
- chisokonezo;
- kusanza;
- kuyabwa kwakukulu mmalo mwa jekeseni;
- Kuphwanya kupuma.
Mayeso a Mantoux - zotsutsana
Mayeso a Mantoux akuluakulu salikuchitika chifukwa cha kusadziŵa kwawo. Sizingatheke kwa ana. Monga mankhwala alionse, tuberculin imatsutsana ndizogwiritsira ntchito. Ngati zilipo, kafukufuku wasinthidwa kosatha. Mayeso a Mantoux sangatheke pamene:
- msinkhu wa mwanayo uli osakwana miyezi 12;
- Matenda a khungu;
- nthawi ya matenda, mosasamala za chiyambi;
- kupeza mwanayo payekha;
- zosokoneza ;
- khunyu;
- pambuyo pa yeseso lapitayo linali pasanathe milungu isanu.
Njira ina ku chitsanzo cha Mantoux
Chifukwa chakuti mayeso a Mantoux sizingatheke, madokotala amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zochizira chifuwa chachikulu. Pakati pa ntchito yogwiritsidwa ntchito:
- chithunzi;
- Mayankho a Suslov.
Njira ziwirizi zimaphatikizapo kutenga timadzi ta magazi kuti tifufuze. Choncho, pakuchita immunogram, madokotala amadziwa maselo angapo omwe amapangidwa kuti amenyane ndi matendawa. Zotsatira zimayesa kuti thupi limatha kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chosavuta ndizosatheka kukhazikitsa chithunzi chonse cha matenda, kuti adziwe kupezeka kwa matendawa panthawiyi.
Mayeso a Suslov amachokera pa phunziro la magazi omwe tuberculin yawonjezeredwa. Patapita kanthawi, mkhalidwe wa magulu a magazi amayang'aniridwa ndi microscope. Njirayi siili ndi 100% yopindulitsa. Amathandiza madokotala kungoganiza kuti akhoza kutenga matenda a Koch. Chifukwa chaichi, panthawi yoyamba, mayeso a Mantoux amachitidwa omwe amatha kuzindikira matendawa.