Pali gulu la matenda omwe angathe kulumikizidwa mu ziwalo ndi machitidwe ena a thupi la munthu. Matumbo kapena interoviruses nthawi zambiri amakhudza ana, izi zimakhala chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa chitetezo cha m'mthupi komanso kutengeka kwa matenda. Chizindikiro cha matenda ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana ndi zizindikiro, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzizindikira.
Kodi matenda a enterovirus ndi otani?
Matendawa amaphatikiza mitundu yoposa 100 ya maselo a tizilombo omwe ali ndi zinthu zina za RNA kapena DNA. Kuti mumvetse zomwe enterovirus ili, gulu lawo limathandiza. Matendawa ndi a banja la Picornoviridae. Amapanga gulu la mankhwala omwe alibe polio, omwe amaphatikizapo mitundu 5 - A, B, C, D ndi E. Pakati pawo muli mavairasi otsatirawa:
- Coxsackie ;
- ECHO;
- malonda otchedwa enteroviruses.
Mbali yodziwika ya gulu lopatsirana lomwe limaperekedwa ndilokumana kwambiri ndi zizindikiro zakuthupi zakunja. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapulumuka muzochitika zonse, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyana siyana za kubalana, kusonkhanitsa ndi kufalitsa:
- thupi laumunthu;
- madzi;
- malonda;
- nthaka.
Matenda a enterovirus amachititsa
Zitseko za matendawa ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi kupuma. Entovirus kwa ana yoyamba imayambitsa zowawa m'madera momwemo, ndipo kenako imafalitsa thupi lonse ndi magazi. Maselo opangidwira akhoza kumangidwira mu machitidwe ndi ziphuphu zonse ndi kuzikhazikitsa, zomwe zimayambitsa zilonda zamagetsi. Ngati magawo oyambirira a chitukuko adayambitsa matenda a enterovirus kwa ana - zizindikiro ndi chithandizo chidzakhala zosavuta kusiyana ndi kuchedwa kwa matenda. Popanda chithandizo choyenera, mavuto aakulu komanso owopsya nthawi zambiri amapezeka.
Kodi matenda a enterovirus amafalitsidwa bwanji?
Kusiyanasiyana kwachinsinsi kumatengedwa kuti ndi njira yaikulu yofalitsira matendawa. Nthawi zina matenda a enterovirus ana amalowa m'thupi mwa njira zam'mlengalenga komanso zowonekera (kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana). Magwero a matendawa ndi othandizira maselo a pathogenic, mwachiwonekere akuwoneka kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino, kapena munthu amene ali ndi zizindikilo za kugonjetsedwa.
Matenda a Enterovirus - nthawi yotengera ana
Pambuyo poti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, sizitsutsa zizindikiro zilizonse zooneka bwino. Chiŵerengero cha zochitika pa chithunzi cha kuchipatala chikugwirizana ndi zomwe zimapangitsa matenda a enterovirus - nthawi yopuma imadalira zinthu zotsatirazi:
- chiwopsezo (mphamvu ya maselo a tizilombo kukana chitetezo cha thupi);
- Tropism (chizoloŵezi cha matenda kugonjetsa machitidwe ena);
- serotype.
Mmene chitetezo cha mthupi chimakhudzidwanso ndi interovirus yowonjezereka kwa ana - zizindikiro zimatchulidwa kwambiri ndipo zimawoneka mwamsanga mwa mwana wofooka. Ana omwe ali ndi chitetezo chachangu amalekerera mosavuta matendawa, ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimayambira pambuyo pake. Pafupipafupi, nthawi yosakaniza ndi masiku 2-5, malire amatha kusintha mkati mwa 1-10 masiku.
Matenda a enterovirus kwa ana - zizindikiro
Mitundu yambiri ya matenda opatsirana (pafupifupi 90%) imachitika popanda chithunzi chodziwika bwino chachipatala kapena ikuphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi. Nthawi zina, zizindikiro za matenda a enterovirus kwa ana amagawanika kukhala mitundu yoopsa komanso yowopsa. Ngati wothandizira payekhayo atayambitsa chitukuko chachikulu cha ziwalo zogonjera, chithunzi cha kliniki chidzafanana ndi chimodzi mwa matenda omwe amachititsa:
- encephalitis;
- serous meningitis ;
- chiwindi;
- myo-, pericarditis;
- odwala ziwalo.
Pamaso pa matendawa ndizofunika kuti nthawi yomweyo ayambe kufufuza bwinobwino ndikupeza ngati vuto lawo ndi matenda a enterovirus kwa ana - zizindikiro ndi mankhwala zimadalira zifukwa zomwe zinayambitsa matenda. Kuphatikizapo kuthetsa njira zotupa ndikugwiritsira ntchito zizindikiro za matendawa, chithandizo choyenera chidzafunikanso kuthetsa maselo osakanikirana ndi DNA kapena RNA.
Ndi kosavuta kuchepetsa chikhalidwe cha mwana ngati matenda osagwirizana ndi enterovirus akuyenda - zizindikiro zotsatizanazi zimagwirizana ndi matenda otsatirawa:
- malungo a masiku atatu ("dzanja-mwamwa-pakamwa");
- conjunctivitis ;
- herpangin;
- chisokonezo;
- chosowa;
- enterovirus exanthema;
- matenda amtenda;
- mulungu;
- gastroenteritis .
Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa matendawa, chithunzi chake chachipatala chimadziwika ndi polymorphism:
- kutentha kwa thupi;
- chisokonezo;
- Kufiira kwa mapuloteni a maso;
- mala;
- chithunzi;
- ululu pamutu, minofu, mmero, m'mimba, maso;
- kusanza;
- kutsekula m'mimba;
- kusowa kudya;
- zilonda zazing'ono pakamwa;
- coryza;
- ziphuphu pakhungu ndi mucous membrane;
- kukondwa;
- kulalira;
- Zilonda zamakono.
Matenda a enterovirus kwa ana - kutupa
Maonekedwe a khungu amadalira mtundu wa matendawa. Kuthamanga kwa enterovirus kumaphatikizana kwambiri ndi herpes, fever 3 ndi exanthema. Nthawi zambiri, zimapangidwa motsutsana ndi zochitika zina zofanana ndi zizindikiro zawo. Mazaza ndi matenda a enterovirus akhoza kukhala a mitundu ingapo, monga momwe asonyezedwera pa chithunzi pamwambapa:
- kumapweteka pammero (kupasuka ndi kusanduka zilonda);
- mabultata ang'onoang'ono pa mikono ndi miyendo, pakamwa ndi pafupi, zomwe zimatha pokhapokha;
- roseous ndi rubella-ngati mphutsi (yofanana ndi exanthema).
Kuzindikira matenda a enterovirus
Kuthamanga ndi msanga kwa chithandizochi kumadalira kwambiri pakuzindikira kwadzidzidzi kwa matendawa. Ndikoyenera kuti pachiyambi msanga matenda a enterovirus ana amapezeka - zizindikiro ndi chithandizo mu nkhaniyi zidzakhala zosavuta. Kuti mudziwe momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito matendawa, njira zisanu zamakono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Kusanthula kwadongosolo la matenda a enterovirus. Zolemba zapadera za IgM ndi IgA zimabisika m'magazi.
- Mayeso a Immunohistochemical. Njira yakale, koma yophunzitsira. Zimaphatikizapo kuzindikira kuti maselo a antibioti ndi enterovirus panthawi yomwe sakuchita bwino.
- Maphunziro a zamoyo. Kugawanika kwa zidutswa za RNA kapena DNA matenda.
- Kusanthula chikhalidwe. Kuzindikira ndi kudziwika kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi (mucus, smear).
- Mapuloteni otchedwa Polymerase chain (PCR) omwe amasindikizidwa. Iwo amalingalira kuti ndifukufuku wovuta komanso wofulumira kwambiri.
Nthawi zina dokotala akhoza kupereka njira zowonjezera zowonjezera:
- magazi;
- kukonza;
- Ziwalo zamkati za ultrasound (zolinga).
Matenda a enterovirus ana - mankhwala
Njira zenizeni zothana ndi matenda omwe akufotokozedwa sizipezeka. Pofuna kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala, ndikofunika kudziwa momwe matenda opatsirana amachitiramo - mankhwala a mitundu yosiyanasiyana amachitikira m'chipatala, ndipo mitundu yosaopsa ya matenda imatha kuyendetsedwa kunyumba. Njira zambiri zothetsera vuto la ana:
- mpumulo;
- kumwa kwambiri (vitaminized, kutentha);
- kusala zakudya;
- mpumulo wapamwamba;
- kuuluka mobwerezabwereza, kuyeretsa;
- kusunga mvula ndi mpweya wabwino mu chipinda.
Matenda a enterovirus kwa ana - mankhwala: mankhwala
Kusankhidwa kwa mankhwala kumafunika kokha ndi dokotala wa ana oyenerera. Pali njira ziwiri zomwe mungaperekere matenda a enterovirus kwa ana:
- chotsitsa;
- zizindikiro.
Poyamba, mankhwalawa amathandiza kuthetsa matendawa. Mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a matenda a enterovirus:
- interferons - Viferon, Laferobion ;
- ma immunoglobulins (omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito, mphamvu zisanawonetsedwe);
- capsidinhibitors - Pleconaril, Pikovir.
Panthaŵi imodzimodzi, zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a enterovirus ana amaletsedwa - zizindikiro ndi chithandizo zimagwirizana nthawi zonse. Kuti athetse vuto la mwana, zotsatirazi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito:
- antipyretics - Nurofen, Paracetamol;
- antiemetic - Chidziwitso, Cerucal;
- antihistamines - Erius, Fenistil;
- zosakaniza - Smekta, Enterosgel;
- ma probiotics - Bififir, Lactovit.
Matenda a enterovirus ana - mankhwala a mphutsi
Maonekedwe a khungu la matendawa mwachindunji sakusowa. Adzatha okha, atangomaliza kuthetsa ana a enterovirus - mankhwala ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa amathandiza kuthetsa msangamsanga mwamsanga. Ngakhalenso zilonda zam'mimba zowonongeka zimatha kuchira popanda kusiya zipsera kapena zofiira.
Kudya ngati matenda a enterovirus ana
Chakudya choyenera chimaonedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwa mfundo zazikulu za chithandizo cha matenda. Ngati matenda a enterovirus amapezeka mwa mwana, chakudya chake chimakhala chimodzimodzi - mkaka wa amayi kapena osakaniza. Menyu ya ana okalamba kuposa chaka chimodzi iyenera kukhala yosakanika mosavuta komanso yopindulitsa kwambiri. Kudya ndi matenda a enterovirus sikukuphatikizapo:
- zosuta;
- chakudya chokazinga;
- pickles, marinades;
- zakudya;
- Zipatso ndi masamba;
- soups nyama ndi broths;
- chisangalalo;
- kuphika;
- timadziti;
- mkaka.
Aperekedwa:
- nyama yophika;
- mchere wothira madzi pamadzi;
- masamba owiritsa;
- msuzi wotsitsi;
- compotes;
- uzvar;
- makeke;
- zakumwa;
- makoswe a zitsamba.
Matenda a Enterovirus - mavuto
Matendawa nthawi zina amabweretsa mavuto aakulu komanso owopsya. Enterovirus mu mwana wa usinkhu wachinyamatayo ukhoza kutsogola kwakukulu kwa ntchito ya mtima ndi kupuma. M'mayiko ena, izi zimadzaza ndi zotsatira zowonongeka. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda,
- shuga;
- orchitis;
- mtima, kusadziwika bwino;
- matenda aakulu a njira yopuma;
- edema wa ubongo;
- matenda;
- khunyu;
- chibayo.
Kuteteza matenda a enterovirus kwa ana
Njira zenizeni zothandizira matenda sizilipobe, koma chitukuko chogwira ntchito cha katemera chikuchitika. Kuteteza matenda a enterovirus ndiko kulimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Pa nthawi ya mliri, kugwiritsa ntchito kanthawi kochepa njira zothetsera leukocyte interferon ndi immunoglobulin kumalimbikitsidwa. Kuwonjezera apo, madokotala a ana amawauza makolo awo za matenda a enterovirus kwa ana - zizindikiro ndi mankhwala omwe amadziwidwiratu angapewe matenda kapena ayambitse mankhwala abwino pomwepo.
Kupewa kosafunika:
- kutsatira malamulo a ukhondo;
- kuumitsa;
- chakudya chabwino;
- kuyenda nthawi zonse ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi;
- Kulepheretsa odwala ndi anthu omwe akudwala.