Kusamalira tomato poyera - nkhani yosavuta kwa wamba wamaluwa. Tomato ndi zosavuta kukula ndi mbewu yomwe imabereka zokolola zazing'ono pafupifupi chaka chilichonse, koma woyang'anira mundayo akudzipereka kuti azidzipatsa yekha zipatso zabwino komanso zokoma ngakhale nyengo yoipa kwambiri.
Mitedza ya phwetekere yotseguka
Mitundu yonse ya chikhalidwe ichi ikhoza kusankhidwa malinga ndi magawo osiyanasiyana - ndi mphamvu ya kukula, kukula, kukula kwa chipatso. Kusankha mbewu za tomato kuti zisamalire ndikukula panja, muyenera kudziwa bwino cholinga chomwe mukufuna kukolola. Powasunga, tomato ang'onoting'ono ndi owopsa, omwe angathe kuikidwa mosavuta, ali opambana, saladi, kulawa makhalidwe ali pamwamba pa mndandanda.
Mitundu yodziwika. Mtundu uwu ndi woyenera kwa anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe, omwe amasankha kusamalira tomato pamalo otseguka popanda mtengo wapatali komanso wokonzedwa ndi trellis. The determinant baka ndi chogwirana mawonekedwe, kukula pang'onopang'ono, yoyamba masamba kupanga mawonekedwe 6-8 masamba. Pambuyo popanga mapuloteni angapo, kukula kwa mbeu kumayimitsidwa. Ubwino wa tomato wotsimikizika - otsika, ndi zabwino zoyambirira zokolola ndi kubwereranso kwa zipatso zaubwenzi. Zowopsya za mitundu - tchire sizowonjezera mpweya, nthawi zambiri zimadwala, zimakhala zochepa kwa tomato wamtali kwambiri.
Tomato yabwino kwambiri pa chithandizo cha kunja kwa mtundu wa determinant:
- Oakwood,
- Mwambiwo,
- Alpha,
- Valentine,
- Kuphulika,
- Sanka,
- Volgogradsky 323,
- Bagheera F1,
- Linda F1,
- Rio Grande.
Mitundu yodalirika ndi hybrids. Kusamalira tomato pamalo otseguka kungachitidwe kudera laling'ono pogwiritsa ntchito trellises kapena stakes, kufesa wamtali, mbewu zabwino za mbeuyi. Njirayi imathandiza kupeza zokolola zambiri, kuchotsa zipatso kuchokera ku tchire mpaka chisanu, chifukwa chokhazikika chimatanthauza kukula kosalekeza kwa mphukira. Tchire tikulowa fruiting kenako, kupanga masamba osati kale kuposa masamba 7.
Ubwino wa tomato osakwanira - zokolola kuchokera ku tchire nthawi zingapo zapamwamba, chiwerengero cha maburashi amakafika ku 50, tomato amakhala ofunda, ndi zipatso zambiri. Kuipa kwa mitundu yayitali - mbewu yoyamba imapezeka pafupifupi mwezi umodzi pambuyo pa mitundu yochepa, m'madera ozizira, kusamalira tomato pamalo otseguka kungayambitse mavuto chifukwa cha nyengo yochepa.
Mtedza wabwino kwambiri wosakwanira:
- Mtima wamphongo,
- Mfumuyo ndi lalanje,
- The Golden Queen,
- Veja,
- De-Barao,
- Zophatikiza Tarasenko,
- Bogatyr Maslova,
- Kapezi Ozharovsky,
- Mavwende,
- Verlioq F1,
- Wofiira mustang.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji tomato panja?
Pambuyo pokhala mbewu za tomato, kulima ndi kusamalira pamalo oyamba kumayamba ndi kupeza mbande zabwino. M'nyengo yotentha, nthawi zambiri anthu amafesa tomato mwachindunji pansi, kutaya nthawi yamtengo wapatali ndi mwayi kupeza zinthu zawo zoyambirira. Kawirikawiri kumapeto kwa chilimwe pali matenda a fungal, omwe samalola kulandira tomato yapamwamba mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo. Pokhala ndi mbande pa nthawi yobzala ndi msinkhu kuyambira masiku 55, mudzatha kupikisana ndi msika ndikupewa mavuto ambiri.
Kukula mbande za tomato kuti zitseguke pamtunda zikhoza kupangidwa pa khonde kapena loggia, pawindo lazenera, m'munda wa masamba mu greenhouses, mu greenhouses. Kusamalira mbande kumunda kuli koyenera ku Ukraine, kumpoto kwa Caucasus, kum'mwera kwa Russia. Ntchitoyi imafuna kutentha kwa masana kunja kwawindo la osachepera 15 ° C, popanda chisanu. Pamene mukukula mu nyumba muyenera kupanga kuyatsa kwa mbande, pali mavuto ndi zomera zowonongeka, pamene mukuyenera kuzizoloŵera pang'onopang'ono dzuwa.
Kodi kutentha kwa tomato kumayima pati?
Kuchita tomato, musaiwale kuti tikuchita ndi thermophilic chikhalidwe. Kusamalira tomato pa kutentha ndizosatheka kuganiza, ngakhale kutentha kwapakati kufika 1-3 ° C ya kutentha kumabweretsa kuwonongeka ndi imfa ya zomera. Mitengo yozizira kwambiri imapulumuka ndi chisanu chosachepera 3 ° C mumilandu yapadera ngati nyengo isasinthe. Mphukira imakhala yabwino kwambiri mungu chifukwa cha kutentha kwa 22-25 ° C, tomato amakula mofulumira kutentha kwa mpweya wa 20-24 ° C.
Kusamalira tomato mutabzala
Kuchotsa mbande, kutentha kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono mpaka 10-15 ° C, pamene kumawawombera dzuwa. Mbande zabwino ndi zomera ndi maburashi angapo a maluwa. Ngati nyengo siidalole kuti mbande zibzalidwe panthawi, mbande yazitali imakula muzitsulo pamtunda wa 3/4 wa tsinde, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu yowonjezera. Kusamalira mbande phwetekere kumayambiriro koyamba ndi kuthirira, kumasula nthaka, chiyambi cha mapangidwe a chitsamba pochotsa masitepe owonjezera.
Dothi lolemera liyenera kumasula nthawi zonse masabata awiri oyambirira mutatha. Kusamalira tomato kumalo osatsekedwa sungakhoze kuchita popanda hilling, njirayi imapangitsa mizu kupangidwe, imathandizira kudzaza dziko ndi mpweya. Nthawi yoyamba ife timabzala zomera masiku 10 mutabzala, kachiwiri - patatha masiku 20. Kuti zitheke, kukwera phiri kumayambanso kuthirira bwino tchire.
Kuthirira tomato panja
Mu funso la momwe mungamwetse tomato pamalo otseguka, kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe zomera zimasowa. Nthawi yoopsa kwambiri - nthawi yokhala ndi kutsanulira zipatso, pamatha kutentha kapena kukula. Njira yabwino - kuthirira ulimi wothirira. Popanda dongosolo lino, timagwiritsa ntchito madzi mumtsinje, pansi pa chitsamba, popanda kuthira masamba. Ndikofunika kuti madzi madzulo, zomwe zimatulutsa kumasula ziwonongeko.
Kodi kudyetsa tomato pamalo otseguka?
Manyowa amapangidwa osachepera katatu kapena kanayi m'nyengo ya chilimwe, ndi bwino kuchita izi mothandizidwa masiku asanu ndi awiri mkati mwa nyengo yokula. Tomato wokhala ndi zovala zapamwamba ndi kusamalira poyera pambali pa malamulo a ulimi amabereka zokolola zambiri komanso osadwala. Zaka za zochitika izi zimaphatikizidwa ndi nthawi yapadera ya chitukuko cha tchire, kuthandiza kulimbikitsa maluwa kapena kukula kwa zipatso. Kupaka feteleza ndi feteleza wambiri kumapangidwa molingana ndi malangizo a wopanga (Choyenera, Kukula-Kuumirira ndi ena) kapena kulowetsedwa kwa masiku atatu a zitosi za mbalame pa ndende ya 1:15.
Pamene kuvala pamwamba kwa tomato kwachitika:
- Nthawi yoyamba yomwe timadyetsa - masiku 20 mutabzala mbande pamalo otseguka.
- Chachiwiri kudya ndi kuyamba kwa mphukira.
- Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwachitatu kwa zakudya zowonjezera - ndi kukonzanso kaburashi kachitatu.
- Chakudya chachinayi chimatha masiku 14.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji tomato?
Tomasi olemera samapanga kupanga mapangidwe, ndipo determinant mitundu ambiri ambiri pansi pasynkovaniyu . Powasamalira tomato pamalo otseguka, njira zingapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nkhani yoyamba ndi mapangidwe a tsinde limodzi musanafike pang'onopang'ono. Njira yachiwiri - kusiya imodzi kapena awiri pa stepsons, omwe amapanga burashi imodzi ya maluwa. Nthawi zina, pa mphukira yaikulu, 5 inflorescences imayikidwa, ndipo imayesedwa, kupitiriza kupanga chitsamba mothandizidwa ndi mphukira ikukula kuchokera ku tsamba lakumwamba la mphukira.
Kusamalira tomato wamtali
Kuwonjezera pa zingwe zimayambira, kusamalira tomato kumapanganso kupanga chomera. Kwa mitundu yayitali mpaka mamita 2 ndi zina, chitukuko pa tsinde limodzi ndi choyenera, pamene ziphuphu zonse zimatha. Mukamapanga mphukira ziwiri, mwana wamwamuna wopeza ndi kuwombera, opangidwa pansi pa burashi yoyamba ndi masamba, atsalira. Pachifukwa ichi, mpaka 4 inflorescences amasiyidwa pa tsinde lalikulu, mwana wamwamuna wolekana ndi 3. Pamene tikupanga mphukira zitatu, timapeza chitsamba champhamvu chomwe chimapanga tsinde lalikulu ndi ana awiri ocheperapo. Pa mphukira zowonjezera timachoka pa maburashi awiri, makamaka - 3 inflorescences.
Pasynkovanie phwetekere pamalo otseguka
Poyang'anira tomato, pasynaking ndiyo njira yofunika kwambiri, mphukira zosafunikira zimadwalitsa zomera, zimadzitengera juzi, zomwe zimayambitsa maonekedwe ang'onoang'ono osakhala ofanana. Yesetsani kuti musatulukire kumbali ndi mphamvu, koma kuti muwaphwanyule ndi zala zanu, mutenge nawo mbali. Timachotsa mphukira zakuda ndi mpeni kapena tsamba. Ndondomekoyi imaperekedwa m'mawa, chifukwa tsiku lina hemp imauma. Zomera zathanzi zimayenda poyamba, zokayikitsa baka zimataya kapena pasynkovanie pazochita tsiku lina.
Osatulutsidwa tomato - chisamaliro
Gululi la tomato limaphatikizapo mitundu yochepa yomwe imakhala yochepa komanso ya hybrids yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri, yomwe imatenga masiku 95, kuphatikizapo Dubok, Gnome, Nevsky, Snowdrop, Siberia, Miraboni, Ambuye, Vityaz. Muzinthu zamalonda, momwe mungasamalire tomato za mitundu yosaoneka, palibe zidule. Zipatso zowonjezera zimapsa pazitsamba za masamba omwe sapezeka, ndipo chomera chochepacho chimakhala chosasunthika ndipo sichimafuna garter. Njira zazikulu zamakono zamakono zaulimi m'mundawu ndizochiza matenda, mapiri, kuthirira, kumasula nthaka.
Gulani tomato panja
Kwa garter, nsalu ndi nsalu zokometsera zomwe zimadulidwa, zimakhala zoyenera. Sikovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito mzere wowedzera kapena waya woonda. Kudzala tomato wamtali m'munda, konzani momwe mungasamalire tchire nthawi yabwino. Nkhumba ndizofunikira tchire chapakatikati, kutalika kwa chithandizo chotero chiyenera kupitirira kutalika kwa chomera. Mitambo yayitali imatenga trellis kapena stakes 2-2.5 mamita yaitali. Pa mabedi osatha a tomato, alimi ena ndiwo amamanga zitsulo ndi matabwa ngati mawonekedwe amphamvu kapena selo lolimba.
Kusamalira Tomato Ofalikira
Kuonjezerapo, kupaka mungu kumafunika mu wowonjezera kutentha, pamalo otseguka ndi ntchitoyi kuthana ndi tizilombo ndi mphepo, kuwonjezera apo, tomato amatchuka chifukwa cha kudzipukuta. Mukhoza kuthandiza tchire, pang'onopang'ono kugwedeza mphukira ndi maluwa omwe akuphulika ndi periodicity ya masiku atatu. Kwa tomato pansi, pali zinsinsi za chisamaliro kuti zimayimira zingwe za zipatso. Kuwonjezera zokolola za kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi zokonzekera panthawi yopanga maburashi, "Buton", "Ovary", succinic asidi, feteleza oyenerera bwino ndi microelements adziwonetsa okha.
Matenda a phwetekere pamalo otseguka
Imodzi mwaziopsezo zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa tomato mu chisamaliro ndi matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo. Tomato amavutika ndi mochedwa choipitsa , zowola, necrosis, alternaria, tsitsi lopota, patchiness, cracking of fruit, mosaic, mavuto ena. Sinthani mtundu wa masamba, shrinkage ya mphukira, mapangidwe a mawanga - zizindikiro za mliri woyamba. Poziteteza tomato, ntchito yaikulu imasewera ndi mankhwala ochizira. Onetsetsani nthawi yodikira pambuyo popopera mbewu, nthawi ya tomato yakucha amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi tizilombo.
Njira yaikulu yothetsera matenda a fungal:
- Mwamsanga,
- Ridomil,
- Msempha,
- Chophimba,
- Phytosporin,
- Bordeaux osakaniza,
- Mkuwa wa chloride,
- Horus,
- Zineb.