Tsiku lililonse munthu amakhala nawo gawo la moyo wa anthu omwe amamuzungulira. Kuyesera kulikonse kuyankhulana kungayambitse kukwaniritsa cholinga china, kukhazikitsa chiyanjano ndi interlocutor, kupeza zofanana, kukwaniritsa kufunikira kwa kulankhulana, ndi zina zotero. Zidziwika bwino kuti kulankhulana ndi njira yomwe pangophatikizidwe mfundo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyankhulana kwabwino kuwonjezeke.
Pali kulankhulana mawu osalankhula. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane mawonekedwe ake.
Choncho, kulankhulana mosagwiritsa ntchito mawu ndi khalidwe laumwini, kuwonetsera chikhalidwe cha kugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha onse ogwirizanitsa. Njira zosalankhulirana zimapezeketsa maonekedwe awo, maonekedwe, zinthu zomwe zikuzungulira munthuyo, ndi zina zotero. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti mumvetse bwino za mkatikati mwa wanu interlocutor, maganizo ake, malingaliro ndi zolinga.
Mitundu ya osalankhulana
Kulankhulana kotere kumaphatikizapo machitidwe asanu:
- Yang'anani.
- Malo oyanjana.
- Zojambula zamkati (mawonekedwe a nkhope, maonekedwe a interlocutor, pantomime).
- Pafupi-kulankhula (mawu, mawu, mawu).
- Kutuluka (kulankhula, kuseka, kuimitsa).
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mauthenga osalankhula mawuwa ndi awa:
- Makhalidwe abwino a interlocutor. Asayansi atsimikiza kuti munthu aliyense panthawi yolankhulana amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya othandizira. Kotero, mtundu uliwonse wa kukhudza uli ndi khalidwe linalake, lofunika. Mwachikhalidwe, khalidwe ili lagawanika: mwambo, chikondi, akatswiri komanso othandizira. Munthu amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wina wothandizira kuti apititse patsogolo kapena kufooketsa njira yolankhulirana yolankhulana.
- Kinesika ndi mndandanda wa maonekedwe, manja, manja, manja, ndi manja omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yowonjezera ya thupi. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndi maonekedwe, nkhope, maonekedwe, manja omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha anthu.
- Sensorics. Icho chimachokera ku lingaliro lachibadwa la chowonadi ndi munthu aliyense. Maganizo ake okhudza interlocutor amachokera ku zokhudzana ndi mphamvu (kulingalira za kuphatikiza kwa mawu, kumva kukoma, kutentha kuchokera kwa interlocutor, etc.).
- Chronemics ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi panthawi yolankhulirana.
- Njira zosankhulirana zoyankhulirana zimaphatikizansopo otsogolera. Mtundu uwu umachokera ku kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ubale wa malo. Izi ndizo zotsatira za kutalika kwa gawo pazochita zogonana. Pali malo ochezeka, ogwirizana, omasuka, omasuka, osagwiritsa ntchito mawu.
- Kulankhulana kwapadera kumadalira mawu omwe amatchulidwa, nyimbo, chiwonetsero, zomwe womulankhulana amauza nkhaniyi, ndi zina zotero.
Zida za kulankhulana kosalankhulidwa
Makamaka muzitetezo ndikuti khalidwe losaoneka ndilo limadziwika ndi zokhazokha, kusunthika kwa kayendetsedwe ka chikumbumtima, kudzimva mopanda kudzimva, kudziletsa. Mkhalidwe, wosadzimva, wokonzetsa (kufotokoza mwa khalidwe la interlocutor ndi kovuta kuti uwonongeke mu zinthu zosiyana) - zonsezi zimapanga maonekedwe osalankhulana.
Zitsanzo zosankhulana
Zikachitika kuti ngati munthu wa Chifalansa kapena wa ku Italy akuganiza kuti lingaliro lina liribechabechabe, ndi chopusa, ndiye iye adzigunda yekha ndi dzanja la pamphumi pake. Mwa ichi akuti wothandizana naye anapita kunyoza, akupereka izi. Ndipo Spaniard kapena Briton, nayenso, amaimira kukhutitsidwa kwake ndi iyemwini monga munthu.
Kuchita masewera olimbirana
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumachitika mu gulu kapena awiri. Wophunzira mmodzi ndi "wosema". Amakhazikitsa "chida" chogonjera (thupi la munthu liyenera kukhala ndi malo otere kuti malo ake ndi omwe amachitira). Wokondedwa wanu akulamulirani kuti mutenge malo enieni. Panthawi imeneyi "mphamvu" yamasintha mpaka "wojambula" akukhutira ndi zotsatira zake.
- Ntchito yanu ndikutanthauzira momwe mumamvera mu maudindo awiri, omwe munaphunzira za inu nokha, interlocutor yanu. Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito chidziwitso chotani?
- Mukusowa thandizo la munthu mmodzi. Tengani pepala lakuda, mapepala awiri ogontha. Musalankhule. Wophunzira aliyense pamapepala amalemba mfundo, zomwe zokambirana zimayambira. Mosiyana ndi inu, inu ndi interlocutor anu mumatenge mfundo.
- Ntchitoyi ikukupatsani mwayi womvetsa maganizo, malingaliro, malingaliro, kumvetsetsa pamodzi ndi mnzanu popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mawu.
- Pezani anthu osachepera awiri. Ntchito imalembedwa pamapepala (mwachitsanzo, "kuseka pa chinachake ..", "kusiya chinachake ...", ndi zina zotero). Ophunzira akujambula ntchito. Musaganize za yankho lolembedwa. Ophunzira amagwiritsira ntchito chirichonse kupatula kulankhulana kwa mawu. Choncho, zochitikazi zimapangitsa kuti muwonetsetse bwino maganizo anu.
Choncho, njira zopankhulirana zopanda mawu zimakhala ndi tanthauzo lapadera poyerekeza ndi kuyankhulana. Mukamaphunzira chinenerochi, mudzatha kudziwa zambiri zokhudza interlocutor yanu.