Mwachidziwikire tonsefe timadziwa zambiri zokhudza Tibet: ambiri amvapo za kukongola kwa mapiri awa, za filosofi ya Buddhism ya Tibetan kapena za makangano a ku Tibetan ndi akuluakulu a China. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza malo a Central Asia ambiri komanso za malo a Tibet makamaka. Kotero, kodi zinsinsi za Tibet zili kuti?
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Kodi phiri la Tibet lili kuti?
Ili kumadera akutali kwa Asia, kumpoto kwa mapiri okwera kwambiri - Himalaya, komwe masiku ano kuli China ndi Tibet Highlands. Zimayimira malo a mamita 1,2 miliyoni. km, atatayika pamwamba pamapiri. Mwa njira, malo otchedwa Tibetan Plateau ndi apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse! Pamwamba pamtunda wa makilomita asanu pamwamba pa nyanja, monga mukudziwira, chida cha Tibetan, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa "denga la dziko". Ndipo dera lachitsambachi likhoza kufanana ndi kukula kwa Western Europe yense!
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Ndili pano, mu bwalo la Tibetan, kuti magwero a mitsinje ingapo ikuyenda kudutsa m'mayiko ena ndi Indus, Brahmaputra, Yangtze ndi ena. Pano, ku Tibet, ndi phiri lotchuka la Kailas, komwe, malinga ndi nthano, aneneri aakulu padziko lapansi - Yesu, Buddha, Vishnu ndi ena - ali m'tulo tofa nato.
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Dziko la Tibet liri kuti?
Koma pa nthawi yomweyi, Tibet si malo omwe ali pa mapu a Asia. Tibet ndi dziko lakale, ndipo tsopano ndi chikhalidwe ndi chipembedzo chomwe chiri ndi mbiri yake, chinenero ndi chiwerengero chawo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, simudzapeza dzikoli pamapu a ndale omwe alipo tsopano - kuyambira 1950, ku Tibet ndi gawo la People's Republic of China monga dera lokhazikika komanso madera ambiri odzilamulira. Boma la Tibet mwa Dalai Lama XIV, mtsogoleri wauzimu wa Buddhist, tsopano ali ku ukapolo, makamaka mu mzinda wa India wa Dharamsala, m'chigawo cha Himachal Pradesh.
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M'nthaŵi zakale, Tibet sanali dziko chabe, koma chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe chapamwamba kwambiri. Anachokera ku 2000-3000 BC, pamene akale a ku Tibetan ankakhala kumeneko. Ndipo molingana ndi miyambo ya chikhalidwe cha Bon, iwo adachokera ku mgwirizano wa chiwanda ndi nyani. Kupititsa patsogolo kwa ufumu wa Tibetin ukuwonetsedwa ndi kupambana kwake, nkhondo ndi chikhalidwe chachipembedzo kuyambira zaka za 9 mpaka 13 ndi za m'ma 1400 mpaka m'ma 1600. Kenako Tibet anagonjetsedwa ndi Ufumu wa China, kenako mu 1913, pomaliza adalengeza kuti ndi ufulu.
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Masiku ano, molingana ndi malamulo, Tibet anagawidwa motere: ndi dera lalikulu la Tibet Autonomous komwe kuli malo okwana makilomita 1,178,441. km, kumadzulo kwa dzikolo, ndi madera odzilamulira ndi zigawo m'madera a Gansu, Sichuan ndi Yunnan. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, dera lodziwika bwino, kapena kuti Tibet basi, monga limatchulidwira ndi Chitchainizi, lili m'dera lamapiri lalitali kwambiri padziko lapansi. Zili pamapiri a Tibet omwe ali ndi tchalitchi chodziwika bwino cha Buddhist, kumene chi Tibetan chimatulutsa kamodzi pachaka pachaka, ndipo amwendamnjira ochokera m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi amapanga maulendo. Palinso mbiri yakale ya Tibet - mzinda wa Lhasa. Koma moyo wapatali wa anthu a ku Tibetan umakhala makamaka kumwera chakum'maŵa kwa dzikoli, kumene mizinda ndi zigawo za ku Tiberia zimakhala ziweto ndi ulimi.
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Kodi mungapeze bwanji ku Tibet?
Osati kokha amwendamtima achipembedzo amabwera ku Tibet. Ndibwino kuti mubwere kuno ndi kukondana malo okongola a mapiri komanso nyanja zodabwitsa (Nam-Tso, Mapam-Yumtso, Tsonag ndi ena). Komabe, kumbukirani kuti, chifukwa cha mapiri okwera kwambiri a mapiriwa, kukwera kumeneko kungawononge thanzi lanu. Ndipo ngati simuli a chikhalidwe cha Tibetan, ndiye kuti ulendowu ukukonzekera bwino ndi kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono pamtunda wotsatira: Kunming - Dali - Liyang - Lhasa. Mukhozanso kubwera ku likulu la Tibet pa sitima kuchokera ku Beijing kapena kupita kumapiri pajeps jeeps.
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