Mu chipembedzo cha Buddhist, akuti munthu aliyense amafuna kupeza mtendere ndi chisangalalo. Kuphunzira zomwe nirvana ndi momwe angalowemo, otsatira a filosofi ya kummawa amalimbana kuti alowe muzimtheradi ndikukhala mu chisangalalo chokhazikika.
Nirvana - ichi ndi chiani?
Lingaliro la nirvana limachokera ku filosofi ya Kummawa. Kutanthauziridwa kuchokera ku chinenero cha Chihindi chakale, mawu oti "nirvana" amatanthawuza "kutayika, kutha". Koma mosiyana ndi kumvetsetsa kwakumadzulo ku filosofi ya Kum'mawa, malingaliro a kutha ndi kutayika ali ndi tanthauzo loyenera. Amatanthauza kuchotsa mavuto, chisoni, kuzunzidwa ndi kulimbika kosalekeza kwa moyo. Nirvana ndi boma limene lingaliro la munthu limapeza khalidwe latsopano. Mdziko lino, ubongo umamasulidwa ku malingaliro, nkhawa, zikhumbo. Tikuthokoza munthu uyu dziko latsopano komanso kumvetsetsa kwa moyo kutsegulidwa.
Kodi nirvana mu Buddhism ndi chiyani?
Lingaliro la nirvana mu Buddhism ndi chimodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri. Tsatanetsatane yeniyeni ya liwu ili silingapereke ngakhale woyambitsa wachikhulupiriro wa chipembedzo ichi Buddha Shakyamuni. M'mawu ake, iye anangoganizira molakwika nirvana, kuyankha za iye, monga chikhalidwe chomwe maganizo ndi maganizo amodzi amatha. Ngakhale kuti kumvetsetsa kwa nirvana a ku Ulaya ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi chisangalalo ndi chimwemwe chokhazikika, kholo la Buddhism silinatchulepo nirvana kuphatikizapo chisangalalo ndi zosangalatsa.
Nirvana mu Buddhism ndizomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndi gudumu la samsara , limene timamvetsa dziko la zochitika, zolinga, zowawa. Nirvana sagwirizanitsidwa ndi kumverera ndi kumverera , izo zimapitirira kuposa zowona zowona, kumasulira malingaliro a munthu kudziko lina. Mwa a Buddhist mulibe kumvetsetsa kwa mawu awa. Kawirikawiri, Nirvana imachizidwa motere:
- chikhalidwe chokhala ndi mtendere wochuluka chomwe chingatheke kupyolera mu moyo uno kudzera muzochita zowonongeka;
- mkhalidwe wa munthu pambuyo pa imfa.
Nirvana - Philosophy
Nirvana ndi imodzi mwa mfundo zazikulu mu filosofi ya Chibuda ndi Chihindu, koma palibe lingaliro limodzi lokha lomwe nirvana ali. Zimakhulupirira kuti ichi ndicho cholinga chachikulu chomwe moyo uliwonse umayesetsa. Nirvana imathandiza kuthetsa kusintha kwa kubweranso ndikugwirizanitsa ndi mzimu wapamwamba. Nirvana mu filosofi ya Jainism ndi chikhalidwe cha moyo chomwe chadutsa thupi lathu ndi magulu a samsara. Monga chitukuko cha Buddhism, nirvana inayamba kuonedwa ngati mtheradi, yomwe munthu angayesetse, koma yomwe ndi yovuta kukwaniritsa.
Mitundu ya Nirvana
Nirvana wa Buddhist alibe ndondomeko yeniyeni. Malinga ndi izi, mitundu yambiri ya nirvana imasiyanitsa:
- mkhalidwe waufupi-nthawi, womwe munthu amamva kupumula kwachilendo ndi kulandira kuwala;
- zofunikira - chikhalidwe cha kuunikira komwe kunapindula panthawi ya moyo ndikuchotsa bwalo la kusintha kwa karmic;
- Wamuyaya, kapena woona - malo apadera omwe mungakhale nawo pambuyo pa imfa ya thupi.
Kodi kukwaniritsa nirvana kumatanthauzanji?
Kwa anthu omwe sali chidwi ndi filosofi ya Kum'maŵa, kukwaniritsa nirvana kumagwirizana ndi kupeza malingaliro okondweretsa kwambiri. Pozindikira anthu awa, khomo la nirvana likugwirizana ndi kupeza zosangalatsa. Filosofi ya kum'mawa imayankha funso limeneli mosiyana. Otsatira a Buddhism ndi Jainism amakhulupirira kuti kukafika ku nirvana kumatanthauza kulowa mu dziko latsopano limene mulibe nkhawa ndi zochitika. Mu chikhalidwe cha nirvana, munthu amadziona kuti ali mbali ya chilengedwe ndipo ali ndi mpumulo wokwanira.
Momwe mungapitire ku Nirvana
Otsatira a Buddhism a zaka zosiyana amalingaliro osiyana a momwe angamvetsere nirvana. Mabuddha ena amakhulupilira kuti nirvana sichipezeka kwa anthu a samsara. Ena amanena kuti munthu aliyense ayenera kumva nirvana mu moyo wake, mwinamwake iye ayenera kukhala moyo umodzi umodzi. Otsatira chiphunzitso ichi amapereka uphungu wa momwe angalowerere nirvana. Malangizo awa adzakuthandizani kuphunzira momwe mungayendetse ndi kulamulira malingaliro anu. Ichi chidzakhala nsanja yabwino yosinkhasinkha kuti ifike ku dziko la nirvana:
- Kupewa kupuma . Choyamba muyenera kumverera mmene mpweya umadutsa thupi lonse. Kenaka khalani maso pa kutuluka. Mdziko lino thupi limatulutsa, mpweya wamkuntho.
- Kubatizidwa kwathunthu mu ntchito . Kuti muzindikire za nirvana, munthu ayenera kuphunzira kuganizira ntchito imene munthu amachita. Mwachitsanzo, ngati awerenga, ndiye kuti maganizo onse ayenera kukhala okhudza zomwe adawerenga.
- Tsatirani nthawi ndi zochitika . Musamangidwe pa zomwe zadutsa kale. Ndikofunika kutsatira zochitika zamakono, kuganizira za iwo ndikukhalamo.
Nthawi iliyonse yolowera ku nirvana
Mu funso la momwe mungakwaniritsire nirvana, vutoli ndi lofunika. Oyamba kumene ndi bwino kuyamba ndi malo otayira, chifukwa zimakupangitsani kukonza thupi la munthu mumtendere. Ngakhale kuti nirvana imapezeka pamalo alionse, ndikofunikira kusankha awo omwe munthu sangathe kugona pamene akusangalala. Malemba a lotus ali ndi zigawo zikuluzikuluzi:
- Kumbuyo kumayenera kukhala kolunjika;
- mapewa akuwongoledwa;
- chidendene cha mwendo umodzi chiri pa mchiuno china ndi mosiyana, zidendene ziyenera kukhala pafupi ndi mimba;
- mikono yololedwa ndi kupindika pang'ono pamphepete;
- mitengo ya palmu imatseguka;
- pansi pa matako ndi bwino kuyika yaying'ono mtsamiro;
- Thupi limangoyenda kutsogolo.