Pulogalamu ya Ivan Kupala imanyamula miyambo yachikunja yokha, komabe ambiri samasungidwa, kupatula, mwina, kuthira madzi ndi kusamba m'mitsinje ndi m'nyanja. July 7 ndi tsiku lomwe Ivan Kupala likondwerera. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti tsikuli likufika pa nyengo ya chilimwe. Zoona, makolo athu adakondwerera pa June 24, ndikusinthira kalembedwe katsopano, tsikuli linasinthidwa mpaka pa July 7.
Kodi tchuthi la Ivan Kupala linakondwerera bwanji?
Chokondweretsa kwambiri ndi funso la momwe Ivan Kupala adakondwerera ku Russia, ndipo miyambo iti idasamutsidwa m'nthawi yathu ino. Monga taonera kale, tchuthiyi imachokera ku chikunja, koma pakufika kwachikhristu ku Russia kunkagwirizana ndi tsiku la Yohane Mbatizi.
Makolo athu anakondwerera holideyi malinga ndi miyambo ndi miyambo. Usiku waukulu wa Kupala unali madzi, udzu ndi moto. Analoledwa kusambira kuyambira tsiku la Ivan Kupala mpaka tsiku la Ilin, chifukwa anthu amaganiza kuti masiku ano mphamvu yonyansa imachoka m'mabwato, ndipo kusamba mmenemo sikungopseze kalikonse. Komanso, malingana ndi nthano, madzi pa usiku wa phwando adapeza machiritso, kusamba mmenemo anthu amatha kusintha thanzi lawo. M'nthaŵi zachikristu, anthu amatsukidwa m'magwero oyera (mwambo uwu ulipo m'nthawi yathu).
Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za holide ndi moto. Asilavo anabala moto woyera ndi kuvina kuzungulira iwo. Achinyamata ankakonda kulumpha pamoto, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti munthu amene samenya moto, akudikirira chimwemwe. Pambuyo pa izi zonse, anthu a m'badwo wokalamba ankatsogolera ng'ombe pakati pa moto, kotero kuti imfa kapena matenda sanafike kwa iwo. Usiku wa Ivan Kupala makolo athu sanagone, chifukwa ankaopa kuti mizimu yoipa idzabwera kwa iwo, ndipo idzawathandizidwa ndi moto.
Zitsamba zosiyanasiyana usiku uno zinapezanso zamatsenga ndipo zidapatsidwa mphamvu zochiritsira. Zomera zomwe zinakololedwa lero zidakhala zouma ndipo kenako zinafalikira panyumba. Anakhulupirira kuti izi zimathandiza kutulutsa mizimu yoipa ndi matenda. Ngati wina adapeza fern mu tsiku la Ivanov, ndiye kuti padali mwayi waukulu wopeza chuma chambiri.
Aliyense amadziwa kuti ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito maulendo mu usiku wa Kupala, kuti nthawi zambiri amakwaniritsidwa. Atsikana ambiri atsikana akuyang'anabe mwambo umenewu. Kawirikawiri, atsikana amameta zitsulo ndikuyika makandulo mkati mwawo, omwe awotchedwa. Kenaka mphetezo zinayikidwa m'madzi ndikuyang'ana khalidwe lawo. Ngati mwamsanga akuchoka pamtunda, mtsikanayo akudikirira chimwemwe ndi ukwati. Ngati kandulo ikuyaka kwa nthawi yaitali, imatanthauza moyo wautali. Chabwino, ngati chovalacho chikumira, ukwati sungakhoze kudikira, ndipo wokondedwa akhoza kusintha kapena kusiya chifukwa cha chikondi.
Asilavo ankakhulupirira kuti mizimu yoyipa ndi mfiti zimapweteketsa mwapadera ziweto, kotero iwo ankalitetezera ndi mphamvu zawo zonse - nthikiti inaikidwa mnyumbamo, ndipo akavalo anali atatsekedwa m'manda. Mukadula maluwa a ivan-da-marya usiku wa holide ndikuiyika panyumba, ndiye wakuba sangathe kukwera kumeneko. Ankaganiza kuti usiku uno zomera zimakhala ndi moyo - zimayamba kulankhulana, ndipo ngakhale zinyama zimapeza luso limeneli.
Ndithudi, miyambo yambiri yakhala idakali kale, makamaka popeza tchalitchi sichikondwerera maholide awa achikunja.
Kutchuka kwapadera Ivan Kupala ali ku Kiev - likulu la Asilavo. Pansi, misewu yapakati, nyumba zosungiramo zamakedzana - mndandanda waung'ono, kumene amakondwerera ku Kiev Ivan Kupala.
Pakatikatikati ya Paki ku Kiev, mwachitsanzo, chaka chilichonse pali masewero omwe apangidwa kuti asunthire anthu ku Middle Ages ndikukondwerera tchuthi weniweni. Pano mungathe kukhala usiku muzipinda zamkati za Middle Ages. Zikondwerero zimapezeka m'mapaki ndi museums ena. Zonsezi zimagwirizana ndi chinthu chimodzi - kuyesa kusunga miyambo yakale.