Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, kotero ndikofunikira kumvetsa, hemoglobin ya glycosylated - ndi chiani ichi komanso momwe mungapititsire molondola. Zotsatira zimathandiza dokotala kukwaniritsa ngati munthuyo ali ndi shuga la magazi kapena chirichonse chiri chachilendo, ndiko kuti, ali wathanzi.
Glycosylated hemoglobin - ndi chiyani?
Imaikidwa HbA1C. Chizindikiro ichi cha zamoyo, zotsatira zake zimasonyeza kuti m'magazi mumakhala shuga wambiri. Nthawi yowerengedwa ndi miyezi itatu yapitayo. HbA1C imatengedwa ngati ndondomeko yowonjezera kuposa chiwopsezo cha shuga. Zotsatira zake, zomwe zimasonyeza hemoglobin yokhala ndi mavitamini, amawonetsedwa ngati peresenti. Akulongosola ku gawo la "shuga" mankhwala mu chiwerengero chonse cha maselo ofiira a magazi. Zizindikiro zapamwamba zimasonyeza kuti munthuyo ali ndi shuga, komanso matendawa ali ovuta kwambiri.
Kufufuza kwa hemoglobini ya glycosylated kuli ndi ubwino wambiri:
- Phunziroli likhoza kuchitika popanda kumangiriza nthawi inayake ya tsiku, ndipo osati pamimba yopanda kanthu;
- zotsatira za kusanthula izi sizikukhudzidwa ndi matenda opatsirana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa nkhawa;
- Kuphunzira koteroko kumapangitsa kuti adziŵe msanga matenda a shuga komanso kuyambitsa mankhwala;
- Kuwunika kumathandiza kupeza chitsimikizo chokhudza momwe chithandizo cha matenda a shuga chikugwiritsidwira bwino.
Komabe, njira iyi yofufuzira zofooka siziri izi:
- mtengo wamtengo wapatali - uli ndi mtengo waukulu poyerekezera ndi kusanthula pofuna kufotokoza chizindikiro cha shuga;
- pa mlingo wotsika wa mahomoni a chithokomiro, HbA1C ikuwonjezeka, ngakhale pakadali pano mlingo wamagazi wa munthu ndi wawung'ono;
- kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi, zotsatira zimasokonezedwa;
- ngati munthu atenga vitamini C ndi E, zotsatira zake ndizochepa.
Glycosylated hemoglobin - momwe mungatengere?
Ma laboratories ambiri omwe amaphunzira motere amatenga zitsanzo zamagazi m'mimba yopanda kanthu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti azimayi azifufuza bwinobwino. Ngakhale kudya sikusokoneza zotsatira, koma kuti magazi samatengedwa popanda chopanda kanthu m'mimba, muyenera kunena. Kufufuza kwa hemoglobini ya glycosylated kumatheka kuchokera ku mitsempha ndi kwala (zonse zimadalira chitsanzo cha analyzer). Nthawi zambiri, zotsatira za phunziroli zakonzeka pambuyo pa masiku 3-4.
Ngati pamapeto pake pali chizindikiro, zotsatira zotsatila zomwe zingaperekedwepo zingatheke zaka 1-3. Pamene matenda a shuga amapezeka, kufufuza kwachiwiri kumalimbikitsidwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ngati wodwalayo ali kale pa nkhani ya katswiri wamaphunziro a zachipatala ndipo amauzidwa kuti apange chithandizo, ndibwino kuti awerenge miyezi itatu iliyonse. Nthawi zambiri zimapereka chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha munthu ndikuyesa momwe ntchito yoyenera ya mankhwala ikuyendera.
Kufufuza kwa hemoglobin yogawanika - kukonzekera
Kafukufukuyu ndi wapadera mwa mtundu wake. Kuti mupitirize kuyesa magazi magazi a glycosylated hemoglobin, simukuyenera kukonzekera. Komabe, zinthu zotsatirazi zingasokoneze zotsatira (kuchepetsa):
- magazi;
- hemodialysis.
Kufufuza kwa hemoglobin yokhala ndi glycosylated (glycated) ndi bwino kutenga ma laboratories okhala ndi zipangizo zamakono. Chifukwa cha ichi, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zolondola. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kafukufuku wopangidwa ku ma laboratories osiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri amapereka zizindikiro zosiyana. Izi ndizo chifukwa njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzipatala. Ndizofunika kuyesa mayeso mu labotale yoyesedwa.
Kutsimikiza kwa glycosylated hemoglobin
Mpaka lero, palibe mlingo umodzi womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ma laboratories a zamankhwala. Kutanthauzira kwa glycosylated hemoglobin m'magazi kumachitika ndi njira izi:
- chromatography yamadzi;
- immunoturbodimetry;
- chithunzi;
- kusanthula kwa mphepo.
Hemoglobini ya glycosylated ndi yachizolowezi
Chizindikiro ichi alibe kusiyana kwa zaka kapena kugonana. Chizoloŵezi cha hemoglobin glycosylated m'magazi akuluakulu ndi ana ndi ogwirizana. Zili pakati pa 4% ndi 6%. Zizindikiro zomwe ziri zapamwamba kapena zapansi zimasonyeza matenda. Ngati mumaganizira mozama, izi ndi zomwe hemoglobin ya glycosylated imasonyeza:
- HbA1C imagawira kuyambira 4% mpaka 5.7% - munthu ali ndi dongosolo labwino la kapangidwe ka makapu. Mpata wokhala ndi matenda a shuga ndi wosayenerera.
- Chizindikiro cha 5.7% -6.0% - zotsatira zotere zimasonyeza kuti wodwalayo ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda. Kuchiza sikofunikira, koma dokotala amalimbikitsa kuti adye chakudya chochepa.
- HbA1C idayambira 6.1% mpaka 6.4% - chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga ndi chachikulu. Wodwala ayenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posachedwapa komanso kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wina.
- Ngati chiwerengerochi ndi 6.5% - choyamba chozindikira "matenda a shuga." Kuti muwatsimikizire, kufufuza kwina kumasankhidwa.
Ngati kufufuza kwa hemoglobini ya glycosylated kumaperekedwa kwa amayi apakati, chizoloŵezi cha nkhaniyi ndi chimodzimodzi ndi anthu ena onse. Komabe, chizindikiro ichi chikhoza kusiyana pakati pa nthawi yomwe mwanayo ali ndi pakati. Zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa zowumphira izi:
- magazi m'thupi mwa akazi ;
- chipatso chachikulu kwambiri;
- kupweteka kwa impso.
Hemoglobin ya glycosylated yakwera
Ngati chizindikiro ichi n'choposa chizolowezi, izi zikuwonetsa mavuto aakulu omwe amapezeka m'thupi. Hemoglobini yapamwamba ya glycosylated nthawi zambiri imatsagana ndi zizindikiro zoterezi:
- kuperewera kwa masomphenya;
- machiritso aakulu a zilonda;
- ludzu;
- kuchepa kwakukulu kapena kuwonjezera kulemera kwake;
- kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo;
- kawirikawiri amakakamiza kukodza;
- kuvunda ndi kugona;
- kuwonjezereka kwa chiwindi.
Hemoglobini ya glycosylated ndi yachilendo - imatanthauzanji?
Kuwonjezeka kwa chizindikiro ichi kumayambitsidwa ndi zifukwa zotsatirazi:
- kulephera mu kagayidwe kamadzimadzi;
- Zinthu zomwe sizigwirizana ndi msinkhu wa shuga.
Magazi a hemoglobini ya glycosylated amasonyeza kuti chiwerengerochi chili pamwamba pazimenezo, apa pali milandu:
- mu matenda a shuga - chifukwa chakuti kugawidwa kwa chakudya kumaphwanyidwa ndipo mlingo wa shuga ukuwonjezeka;
- pamene poizoni ndi mowa;
- ngati wodwalayo akudwala matenda a shuga akuuzidwa molakwika mankhwala;
- ndi kusowa kwa magazi m'thupi;
- pambuyo kuikidwa magazi;
- ndi uremia, pamene kupopera kwa carbogemoglobin - chinthu chomwe, mmalo mwake ndi momwe zimakhalira, ndi chimodzimodzi ndi HbA1C;
- ngati wodwalayo ali ndi nthenda yakuchotsa - thupi lomwe limayambitsa maselo ofiira a magazi ofika.
Hemoglobini yokhala ndi mavitamini yakwera - ndiyenera kuchita chiyani?
Kukhazikitsa chiwerengero cha HbA1C kudzakuthandizira zotsatirazi:
- Kuonjezera zakudya ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, nsomba zoonda, nyemba, yogurt. Ndikofunika kuchepetsa kudya kwa mafuta, mavitamini.
- Tetezani kupsinjika, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri chikhalidwe cha thupi.
- Osachepera theka la ola pa tsiku kuti aziphunzira. Chifukwa cha ichi, mlingo wa hemoglobin wa glycosylated udzatsika ndipo ubwino wonse udzakhala wabwino.
- Nthawi zonse pitani kwa dokotala ndikuyesa mayesero onse.
Hemoglobini ya glycosylated imasokonezeka
Ngati chizindikiro ichi sichitha kuchitika, ndizoopsa ngati kuwonjezeka kwake. Hemoglobin yochepa ya glycosylated (osachepera 4%) ingakwiyidwe ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- Kutaya magazi kwakukulu, kumene posachedwapa kunayendetsedwa;
- kupweteka kwa kapangidwe;
- hypoglycemia ;
- chidziwitso chodziletsa ;
- matenda, omwe amawonongeka msanga kwa erythrocyte.