Gastroenteritis ndi matenda otupa omwe m'mimba ndi m'mimba mwawo amakhudzidwa. Ngati matendawa amakhudza matumbo akulu, matendawa amatchedwa gastroenterocolitis.
Kukula kwa gastroenteritis kungagwirizane ndi poizoni wa zakudya, matenda a mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osauka, poizoni ndi zidulo, alkali, zitsulo zolemera, kukonzekera kwa mercury, ndi zina zotero. Matendawa amapezeka mu mawonekedwe ovuta komanso aakulu. Taganizirani zomwe zizindikiro za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gastroenteritis kwa akuluakulu.
Zizindikiro za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imatchedwa matumbo a chimfine. Mavairasi omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa awononge maselo a epithelium m'mimba ndi m'mimba mwazing'ono, chifukwa chakumwa kwa zakudya ndi zakudya zina zambiri zimakhala zovuta. Palibe chodziwika bwino cha causative wothandizira mavairasi gastroenteritis. Nthaŵi zambiri, amayamba ndi mitundu iwiri ya mavairasi:
- caliciviruses (makamaka, noroviruses);
- rotaviruses (ana ambiri amakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV).
Kufalitsa kachilombo ka HIV kungathe kulankhulana-nyumba, chakudya ndi madzi. Njira yopititsira patsogolo magalimoto ikuthekanso. Magwero a matenda a calicivirus akhoza kukhala nyama zoweta (amphaka, agalu), nsomba zosasamalidwa bwino. Ma rotaviruses amafala kwambiri pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ndi mkaka wosakanizidwa.
Mutatha kuyanjana ndi norovirus, monga lamulo, zizindikiro zimawoneka mkati mwa maola 24 mpaka 48 ndikutha maola 24 mpaka 60. Makhalidwe ndi awa:
- kutsekula m'mimba;
- kusanza (osachepera kawirikawiri);
- chisokonezo;
- ululu wamimba;
- Kutaya kukoma kwa kukoma (nthawi zina).
Zingawonenso kuti:
- chiwonetsero;
- kugona;
- kupweteka kwa minofu;
- kutentha thupi.
Nthawi yokhala ndi mavitamini a rotavirus ndi masiku asanu ndi atatu, nthawi ya chiwonetsero cha masiku 3-7. Rotavirus gastroenteritis imayamba mochititsa mantha, zizindikiro monga fever, kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba, ndi kutaya mphamvu zimawonedwa. Chotupa pa tsiku 2-3 cha matendawa chimakhala ngati clayey, gray-yellow. Kuonjezera apo, odwala akhoza kukhala ndi mphuno, kufiira, ndi pakhosi. Nthawi zina, rotovirus gastroenteritis kwa anthu akuluakulu ndi osakwanira.
Zizindikiro za bakiteriya gastroenteritis
Bakiteriya gastroenteritis amayamba ndi mabakiteriya otsatirawa:
- staphylococci;
- salmonella;
- shigella;
- E. coli;
- cholera vibrio;
- zizindikiro za botulism;
- protey ndi ena.
Kutenga kumatha kupezeka-kukhudzana ndi anthu, chakudya ndi madzi. Nthawi zambiri makulitsidwe a bakiteriya amatha masiku atatu mpaka asanu. Zizindikiro zimadalira mtundu wa mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa ululu. Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa ndi izi:
- chisokonezo;
- kusanza;
- kutsekula m'mimba;
- colic ndi ululu m'mimba;
- kusowa kwa njala;
- kuwonjezeka kutentha kwa thupi (ndi kolera, kutentha kumakhala kovuta);
- zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa madzi.
Zizindikiro za osagwilitsika gastroenteritis
Matenda osagwidwa ndi matendawa amapezeka chifukwa chodyera (makamaka chakudya chowawa ndi zokometsera), chifuwa cha zakudya ndi mankhwala, poizoni ndi zinthu zopanda poizoni (bowa woopsa, nsomba, zipatso zamtengo, etc.).
Maonekedwe a gastroenteritis a chikhalidwe chosachilombo ndi awa:
- chisokonezo;
- kusanza;
- kutsekula m'mimba;
- kupweteka kwa m'mimba, choipa ndi kupanikizika;
- kufooka kwakukulu;
- thukuta lozizira .
Zizindikiro za Chronic Gastroenteritis
Kukula kwa gastroenteritis kosatha kungakhale chifukwa cha:
- kumwa kwambiri mowa, zakudya zonunkhira;
- zosokoneza;
- matenda a parasitic;
- zoopsa zamakampani, ndi zina zotero.
Matenda amtundu uwu amasonyeza kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro zotero:
- kumva chisoni, raspiraniya ndi ululu mmimba;
- kudumpha m'mimba;
- Nthawi zambiri amangofuna kudya;
- kuwonjezera gassing;
- kukwiya, nkhawa.