Ethiopia ndi imodzi mwa mayiko osavuta kwambiri ku Africa. Chiyambi chake, chikoka cha Chikhristu ndi Chiyuda chinapangitsa kuti chikhalidwe cha Etiopia chikhale chodabwitsa, ndi zomwe timachita mwachidule ndikudziwana bwino. Nzika za dzikoli zimatsutsa kwambiri zowonongeka ndi zisonkhezero za maiko akunja, choncho chitukuko chake sichinasinthike kuyambira nthawi zakale mpaka masiku athu.
Chikhalidwe cha chinenero
Ethiopia ndi imodzi mwa mayiko osavuta kwambiri ku Africa. Chiyambi chake, chikoka cha Chikhristu ndi Chiyuda chinapangitsa kuti chikhalidwe cha Etiopia chikhale chodabwitsa, ndi zomwe timachita mwachidule ndikudziwana bwino. Nzika za dzikoli zimatsutsa kwambiri zowonongeka ndi zisonkhezero za maiko akunja, choncho chitukuko chake sichinasinthike kuyambira nthawi zakale mpaka masiku athu.
Chikhalidwe cha chinenero
Nzika za ku Ethiopia zimagwiritsa ntchito poyankhulana za zinenero 80 zosiyana za magulu osiyanasiyana: Omot, Kushit, Hamitic, Semitic. State ikuwoneka kuti ndi Chimamariya, yomwe imayankhulidwa ndi anthu okhala pakatikati mwa dzikoli. Kuchokera mu 1991, malinga ndi malamulo atsopano, m'masukulu oyambirira ku Ethiopia, maphunziro amapangidwa m'chinenero cha chibadwidwe. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ana kuyambira zaka zoyambirira amayamba kuphunzira Chingerezi, kotero anthu onse amatha kufotokoza mozama m'chinenero ichi cha mayiko onse.
Anthu a ku Ethiopia ndi miyambo yachipembedzo
Mpingo wa Ethiopiya Orthodox wakhala ukulamulira kuyambira zaka za m'ma IV, pamene, ndi madalitso a wolamulira wa dzikoli, abale a ku Turo anayamba kulalikira pakati pa anthu a Chikhristu. Ethiopia Orthodoxy imagwirizanitsa chikhulupiriro chachikhristu mwa Mulungu, oyera a Katolika ndi chikhulupiliro cha chi Africa cha mdierekezi ndi mizimu. Aitiopiya amakhulupilira kuwombeza ndi maulosi a nyenyezi. Amatsatira Lachitatu lililonse ndi Lachisanu. Masiku ano iwo sayenera kudya nyama ndi mkaka.
Mabuku
Mwachizoloŵezi, mabuku a ku Ethiopia amatenga chikhalidwe chachikristu, ndipo mipukutu yakale yomwe imapezeka ndimasulidwe a ntchito zachi Greek. Pambuyo pake iwo anawonjezeredwa ndi kufotokoza za moyo wa oyera mtima. Pafupifupi m'zaka za zana la XV anawonekera mabuku osokoneza bongo "Zinsinsi zakumwamba ndi dziko lapansi" ndi zina. Mpaka kutha kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, mabuku a Etiyopiya adangoganiziridwa kokha pamatembenuzidwe a ntchito zachipembedzo. Ndipo olemba okha omwe adawonekera, adayamba kukhudza mitu ya makhalidwe ndi kukonda dziko lawo.
Nyimbo
Miyambi ya nyimbo za Aitiopiya zimapita kutali kwambiri ku Mkhristu wa Kum'mawa komanso dziko lachiheberi. Mavesi a Aitiopia ndi ovomerezeka, komabe, iwo sadziwa zambiri ndi Azungu, popeza nyimbo zotere zimatengedwa kuti ndi pentatonic, osati ma diatonic, omwe amadziwika bwino ndi ife. Ena amatcha nyimbo zamakono za ku Ethiopia zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyimba kapena ngakhale magalimoto.
Chikhalidwe choimba cha Ethiopia chiri chosagwirizana kwambiri ndi nyimbo zovina. Kawirikawiri ndi gulu (akazi ndi amuna) kuvina: ntchito, asilikali, zikondwerero. Mtundu wodabwitsa wa ku Ethiopia wotchedwa ascista - ukhoza kuwonetseredwa mu bars kapena malo odyera m'dzikoli. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zakale, kuvina kumavina nthawi zambiri.
Malamulo a makhalidwe m'dera ndi chikhalidwe cha kuyankhulana
Ku Ethiopia, mwamuna ndi mkazi akukwaniritsa maudindo awo omveka bwino. Choncho, mwamuna amaimira banja lake kunja kwake, ndipo mkazi ali ndi udindo wokwerera ana komanso ntchito zapakhomo. Makolo ali okhwima kwambiri kwa atsikana kuposa anyamata. Amuna ali ndi ufulu woposa zonse kuposa akazi.
Zovala zapamwamba
Anthu okhala ku Ethiopia amachita mwakhama miyambo ya makolo awo. Ndipo mpaka lero tsiku la maholide achipembedzo , Aitiopiya amavala zovala zapamwamba, zomwe ndi monga:
- Shamma - nsalu yayikulu yoyera ya thonje yojambulidwa ndi maonekedwe a mitundu. Amayi ndi amuna onse amavala izo. Malinga ndi zomwe zikuchitika, zimakhala zosiyana mosiyana: pamapewa kapena kumakwirira thupi lonse, kusiya masamba okhaokha.
- Kabbah - chikhoto cha satin ndi chophimba, chokongoletsedwa ndi mphonje, chimayikidwa pamwamba pa sham.
- Nsapato zoyera zazifupi kapena mathalauza - zovala kwa amuna,
- Kutalika (kwa chidendene) malaya akuluakulu ndi a akazi.
- Zovala zamakono, monga burka, tsopano zimatchuka kumapiri.
Ku Ethiopia, palinso mafuko omwe sizolowezi kuvala zovala nkomwe. Iwo amangodzikongoletsa okha ndi zojambulajambula.
Maholide Ambiri
Dziko likukondwerera maholide akuluakulu awa:
- Tsiku la Khirisimasi - January 7;
- Ubatizo wa Ambuye - January 19;
- Kugonjetsa ku Nkhondo ya Adua - March 2;
- Maholide Ntchito - May 1;
- Tsiku la kugwa kwa ulamuliro wa usilikali - May 28;
- Chaka Chatsopano cha Ethiopia - September 11;
- Phwando la Mtanda wa Meskele - 28 September;
- Mneneri wa Khrisimasi Muhammad - December 19;
- Tsiku la St. Gabriel - December 28.
Miyambo ya Ukwati ya Ethiopia
Ukwati wamakono wa ku Ethiopia ndi wofanana ndi umodzi wa Ulaya. Achinyamata amapempha chilolezo choti akwatirane ndi makolo awo, amavala zovala za ku Ulaya, kukwatirana mu tchalitchi, ndipo atatha kuchita sakramenti, alendo ndi alendo amakonza phwando.
Umu si momwe ukwatiwo ukuchitikira m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Ethiopia. Mwachitsanzo, mu fuko la Surma, anyamata ayenera kumenyana ndi ndodo kwa mkwatibwi. Mwambo umenewu umatchedwa "donga". Nthawi zina nkhondo zoterezi zimathera kwambiri.
Ndipo mkwatibwi, kuti akhale wokondweretsa mkwati, ayenera kukonzekera ukwati kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pa nthawiyi, msungwanayo amathyoledwa ndi pamlomo wapansi ndipo amalowetsamo dothi lapadera lopangidwa ndi dongo, atachotsa mano awiri apansi. Pang'onopang'ono, chikwamacho chikufutukuka, ndipo nthawi ya ukwatiyo imatha kufika masentimita 30. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dowry wa mkwatibwi uyu ndi wolemera kwambiri, ndipo mlomo wamakutu umateteza mkwatibwi ku mizimu yoyipa. Chotsani icho chimaloledwa usiku kapena kudya.