Pofuna kupewa zoterezo, njira yothetsera intrauterine pathologies inayamba, yomwe imatchedwa matenda opatsirana pogonana, kapena matenda opatsirana pogonana. Kafukufuku wamtundu uwu amachitika makamaka m'zipatala zonse zapakhomo komanso matenda opatsirana pogonana.
Kodi matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi chiyani ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani akufunikira?
Ngati tilingalira kafukufukuyu mwatsatanetsatane ndikukambirana za cholinga chachikulu cha matenda opatsirana pogonana, ndiye kuti izi ndikutulukira koyambirira kwa fetal pathologies, ngakhale pa siteji ya kukhala m'mimba mwa mayi. Mbali iyi ya zamankhwala makamaka ikukhudzidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa chromosomal, matenda obadwa nawo ndi zovuta zowonongeka m'tsogolo mwana.
Kotero, lero madotolo ali ndi mwayi wodziwa mwayi wokhala ndi mwana wokhala ndi vuto la chromosomal kale pa 1 trimester of pregnancy ndi digirii yachindunji (pafupifupi 90%). Kusamala kwambiri kumaperekedwa kwa matenda otere monga Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, Patau syndrome (trisomy 21, 18 ndi 13 chromosomes).
Kuonjezerapo, ngati mbali ya zovuta zofufuza za matenda opatsirana pogonana, ultrasound ikhoza kupeza matenda monga mtima, kusokonezeka kwa ubongo ndi msana, impso za mwana wosabadwa, ndi zina zotero.
Kodi ndi njira ziwiri ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda opatsirana pogonana?
Atanena kuti izi ndi matenda opatsirana, ndi zomwe zikuchitika, tidzakambirana mitundu yayikulu ya kafukufukuyo.
Choyamba, nkofunikira kunena za kuyesa kuyesa, zomwe pafupifupi amayi onse anamva panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati. Kuphunzira koyamba kotereku kumachitika pa nthawi ya masabata khumi ndi awiri, ndipo amatchedwa "kuyesa kawiri". Pachiyambi choyamba, mayi amagwiritsa ntchito ultrasound pamagetsi apadera, omwe amasiyana kwambiri ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ziwalo za mkati. Pomwe izo zikuchitika, chidwi chenicheni chimaperekedwa kwa chikhalidwe cha magawo monga coccygeal-parietal kukula (CTE), makulidwe a collar danga.
Ndiponso, kuwerengera kukula kwa fupa la fetal pathupi, osaphatikizapo zolakwika zazikulu zopititsa patsogolo.
Gawo lachiwiri pakuchititsa kufufuza, limaphatikizapo kuphunzira za magazi a mayi wamtsogolo. Kuti tichite zimenezi, zimatengedwa ndi mitsempha ndipo zimatumizidwa ku labotale, komwe kumafufuza momwe mahomoni amapangidwira mwachindunji ndi placenta. Awa ndi mapuloteni awiri okhudzana ndi mimba: RAPP-A ndi gawo laulere la chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Pokhala ndi vuto lopanda chromosomal, zomwe zili m'mapuloteni ameneŵa m'magazi zimachokera ku chizoloŵezi.
Deta yomwe imapezeka chifukwa cha maphunziro amenewa yapangidwa mu pulogalamu yapadera ya pakompyuta yomwe imapereka chidziwitso chothetsera chiopsezo chotenga matenda a chromosomal m'tsogolo mwana. Chotsatira chake, dongosolo lomwelo limayesa ngati mkazi ali pangozi kapena ayi.
Zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polamulidwa mwamphamvu ndi ultrasound kuti asawononge mwanayo, ndipo ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino kwambiri. Maselo obereketsa amatha kutumizidwa ku chiwerengero cha ma karyotype, pambuyo pake amayi amapatsidwa yankho lenileni - kaya mwanayo ali ndi vuto lachromosomal kapena ayi. Kuphunzira koteroko, monga lamulo, kumachitika ndi mayesero abwino owonetsera.
Momwemo, mkazi aliyense ayenera kudziwa chifukwa chake matenda opatsiranawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malo opatsirana, ndipo amvetse kufunika kwa maphunzirowa.