Fufuzani momwe tsoka la a Romanovs linakhalira pambuyo pa chilango chonyenga mu 1918.
Kuphedwa kwa banja lachifumu mu 1918 ndi chimodzi mwa zinsinsi zazikulu kwambiri za zaka za makumi awiri. Ngakhale Tchalitchi cha Orthodox sichinathe kupereka yankho lomveka ku funso ngati anthu onse a korona wachifumu wa Russia anali atalandidwa moyo. Nthawi zosiyana ndi tchalitchi chomwe chinkayikira zenizeni za mabwinja a Romanovs, kuyang'ana mosamala momwe thupi la mfumu linakhalira mu acid kapena Vatican kubisika kwa Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna. Kodi achibale enieni a mfumu apulumutsidwa, kapena amayesera kudzidziwitsa okha - osati oposa anonyenga?
Nkhani yoyamba
Emperor Nicholas II, mkazi wake, Alexandra Fyodorovna, ndi ana awo asanu (ana anayi ndi mwana mmodzi wamwamuna, oloŵa ufumu pampando wachifumu) anaphedwa usiku wa July 16-17, 1918 m'chipinda chapansi m'nyumba ya Ipatiev ku Yekaterinburg. Banja la mfumu yomwe inachotsedwa pampando wachifumu ndi mabungwe ake ochokera kudziko lina linaperekedwa kukonzekera kuthawa, koma Nikolai Aleksandrovich anakana mwakhama kukhala ngati wachifwamba.
Mwa zina, izi zinali chifukwa cha kuchitiridwa bwino kwa boma latsopano: mamembala a banja lachifumu, ngakhale kuti anali atasungidwa, koma anali okoma mtima ndi ochezeka nawo. Choncho, Nicholas II, Alexandra Feodorovna, aakazi a Olga, Tatiana, Maria ndi Anastasia, ndi Tsarevich Alexei pa tsiku losautsika ankakhulupilira mawu a Chekist ndi a zoukira Yakov Yurovsky. Anawauza kuti apite m'chipinda chapansi, akunena kuti mumzindawo mumakhala chisokonezo. Kumeneko, banja lachifumu ndi antchito ake apamtima mwamsanga anawerenga chigamulocho ndi kuphedwa. Matupiwa anatengedwa kupita ku nkhalango ya Koptyakovsky, ndipo adatsukidwa ndi asidi ndikuponyedwa m'chitsime. Akuluakulu amayenera kupita izi, kuti asapembedze matupi ngati mafano.
Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amati: Akuluakulu a Soviet anali kudziŵa bwino kuti kupha magazi m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kungakhale kopanda pake kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Choncho, kuthekera kwa kupereka mawu kudzera mu nyuzipepala kunakambidwa mozama, kuti tsar anathawa, kapena kuti anaphedwa, ndipo banja linatengedwa kupita ku Ulaya. Komabe, pa July 18, lamulo lofotokozera loperekedwa ndi Presidium ku Komiti Yonse Yachigawo Yachigawo cha Russia, yomwe inanenedwa kuti Nicholas II adawomberedwa chifukwa chakuti otsutsana nawo nthawi zonse ankayesera kumuchotsa mphamvu kuti abwezeretse boma lakale.
Kodi mkazi wamasiye, Grand Duchesses ndi kalonga adatha kuthawa bwanji?
Pofuna kuti banja la tsar lomaliza lidamve chisoni ndi adani kapena kuchotsedwa ku imfa ndi anzawo okhulupirika, umboni wosadziwika wa ofufuza omwe adayambitsa lamulo lokhudza kuphedwa. Kodi sakayikira zomwe adaziwona ndi maso awo?
Nikolai Sokolov, wofufuza kafukufuku woweruza milandu, analemba m'buku lina kuti mfumuyo ndi ana ake achotsedwapo kwinakwake. Nikolai ankanena ngati kutsutsana kwa nyumba ndi apolisi woyera kumatsimikizira kuti anthu ambiri anawombera mmenemo kuti awononge kuphedwa kwa mamembala a m'banja lachifumu. Sokolov adaopsezedwa ndipo adachoka m'dzikoli mofulumira, atakhala ndi nthawi yosamukira ku France. Wothandizira wake adawombera kuti aphimbe ...
Ulamuliro wa Soviet kwa nthawi yaitali uyenera kubisala kuti banja la mfumu yosungidwa linapulumuka. Nthawi zonse panali mboni za maso zomwe zinamuwona Mfumukazi ndi ana m'midzi yosiyana ya Russia. Derevenko, yemwe ndi adokotala, yemwe adatsagana ndi banja lachifumu moyo wake wonse, anakana kuzindikira kuti mfumuyo ndi wolandira cholowa chake pamatupi omwe adamuperekera, chifukwa analibe zipsera komanso zizindikiro zobadwa nazo zomwe adokotala adziwa. Ku KGB, Soviet ngakhale adalemba dipatimenti yotsatila kayendetsedwe ka Romanovs.
Potsutsana ndi zochitika zambiri zomwe anthu a m'banja lachifumu anabalalika kudutsa malire a Russia ngakhale Stalin adawachezera, mu 2013 buku lakuti "Chowonadi Chowopsa cha Romanovs" ndi Pulofesa Mark Ferro, yemwe ali ndi umboni wotsimikizira zokambirana Pa kutumiza kwa mfumukazi ndi ana ake aakazi kwa akuluakulu a boma ku Germany.
Pambuyo pa zokambiranazi atapambana bwino, Grand Duchess Olga Nikolayevna adagonjetsedwa ndi Vatican ndipo adakongoletsedwa ndi mulungu wa Kaiser Wilhelm II wakale wa German, chifukwa adanena kuti akufuna kupereka munthu wa tsar kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.
Grand Duchess Maria anakhala mkazi wa mfumu ya ku Ukraine yothawa, chifukwa ndi yekhayo amene ankatha kumvetsa ululu ndi mavuto ake.
Mfumukazi Alexandra Fedorovna anakana kutsogolera kayendetsedwe ka ndondomeko, yomwe adayamika pambuyo pake polemba kalata yochokera kwa Stalin ndi lamulo:
"Khala moyo, palibe amene angakukhudze, koma usagwirizane ndi ndale."
Alexandra Feodorovna, pamodzi ndi mwana wake wamkazi Tatyana, adapatulira moyo wake kwa Mulungu mumzinda wa Poland. Anastasia yekha anathawa Perm: Amayi ndi alongo sanathe kudziwa zomwe zinamuchitikira.
Mark Ferro akuti nkhani ya kupha kwachinyengo kwa mamembala a banja lolamulira ikuyenerera aliyense. Akuluakulu achizungu ankafuna kubisala ku Ulaya ndipo sanafune kukumbukira zakale, ndipo akuluakulu a boma sankatsegula chinsinsi cha nyumba ya Romanovs, poopa chipwirikiti. Pokhala kutsutsana komalizira iye amapereka zithunzi za zolemba za Grand Duchess Olga, mwangozi wolemba nyuzipepala ya ku America Maria Stravalo m'mabuku a Vatican. M'ndandanda wa diary anapezedwa chikalata chovomerezedwa ndi mlembi, chomwe chinanenedwa kuti mu 1955 Olga anatenga dzina la Marja Bodts.
Buku la Marko limatha ndi mawu akuti:
"... zatsimikiza kuti banja la Nicholas II linapulumuka, mosiyana ndi iye."
Ndipo simungamukhulupirire bwanji?