Ng'ombe za Holstein - zowonjezera maonekedwe, zovuta ndi zozizwitsa za mtunduwu

Ng'ombe zamtengo wapatali za Holstein chifukwa cha kuyesera kwa obereketsa adatha kutenga malo otsogolera padziko lapansi pa zizindikiro zonse - mafuta, mapuloteni komanso mkaka wobiriwira. Zinyama zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimasamalira bwino zimatha kubweretsa ndalama zowonongeka m'nyumba.

Nkhokwe ya Holstein ya ng'ombe - khalidwe

Makolo a wotchuka wotchedwa Holstein ndi ng'ombe zakuda ndi zoyera kuchokera ku Holland, Belgium, Germany. Okhazikikawo anawabweretsa ku USA ndipo pakapita nthawi, chifukwa cha ntchito yabwino yoswana, akhoza kusintha kwambiri zokolola za ziweto. Zochitika zamakono za Holstein zimasangalatsa kwambiri. Ndiwotchuka kwa zonse zolemba mkaka wokolola mkaka ndi kupindula mofulumira kwa nyama zinyama, kotero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyama.

Cow Holstein mtundu - ndondomeko

Ng'ombe za mkaka za abambo a Holstein zimasiyana mosiyana ndi ng'ombe zina zonse, katswiri wodziwa bwino angathe kuzizindikira mosavuta mu gulu lalikulu. Zopindulitsa kwambiri zinyamazi - ngakhale ndi mkaka wapamwamba kwambiri wa mkaka, sizimachepetsa mafuta a mkaka ndi mapuloteni okhutira. Pano pali kufotokozera mwachidule za ng'ombe zabwino kwambiri za Holstein:

  1. Chikho cha mawonekedwe a mphete.
  2. Mapewa ndi ochuluka komanso aatali.
  3. Kutentha kwakukulu.
  4. Chifuwa chachikulu mpaka 64 cm.
  5. Kutaya kuli kovuta.
  6. Chifuwa cha ng'ombe za Holstein ndi zakuya (mpaka 86 cm).
  7. Miyendo ndi yaitali.
  8. Mitsempha pa udder imatchulidwa mwamphamvu.
  9. Kulemera kwa ng'ombe yaikulu kukufikira 700 kg.
  10. Nkhumba zolemera za golshtinskih - pafupifupi 900 kg.
  11. Kulemera kwake kwa ng'ombe ndi pafupi 38-45 makilogalamu.
  12. Kutalika kwa ng'ombe zomwe zimafota ndi 160 cm.
  13. Kutalika kwa ng'ombe pazowola ndi 140-150 cm.

Mtundu wa mtundu wa Holstein

Oimira a mtundu umenewu amakhala ndi zida zakuda ndi zamoto, izi zimakhazikitsidwa panthawi yobereketsa ndi ana a mtundu wosiyana. Chiŵerengero cha mawanga wakuda ndi oyera amasiyana kwambiri. Kawirikawiri pali ng'ombe pafupifupi pafupifupi wakuda ndi mawanga owoneka pamchira ndi miyendo. Ng'ombe ya Black-white Holstein ikhoza kubweretsa ana ofiira ndi oyera. Anthu oterewa sankaloledwa kubwezeretsedwa, koma kuyambira m'ma 1970 iwo anasankhidwa kulandira mtundu wapadera.

Ng'ombe za Holstein zimapereka mkaka wangati?

Malingana ndi nyengo yapadera, mkaka wambiri wa ng'ombe ya Holstein ungasinthe mosiyanasiyana, kuwonjezera apo, malingaliro ndi khalidwe la chisamaliro zimakhudza khalidweli. Kufikira kwina, kukolola kumadalira. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ofiira ndi motley amapereka mkaka ndi mafuta okwana 3.95%, koma pa kuchuluka kwao komwe amatsamira pambuyo pa ng'ombe zakuda ndi motley pakati. Mukhoza kuyerekeza zizindikiro zowonjezereka zomwe alimi ku Israel, USA ndi Russia amapeza:

  1. Mu Israeli, mkaka wa chaka ndi chaka umakwana makilogalamu 10,000 peresenti ya 3.1% ndi mapuloteni okhudzana ndi 3%.
  2. Ku US, mkaka wa pachaka umafika pa 9000 makilogalamu, mafuta okwanira 3.6%, mapuloteni 3.2%.
  3. Ku Russia, zokolola mkaka zili mkati mwa makilogalamu 7,500 ndi mafuta 3.8%.

Holstein mtundu - ng'ombe kudya

Zakudya zakumwa za amphaka zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zomwe zimachitika anthu akuluakulu m'tsogolomu. Mu funso la momwe mungadyetse bwino ana a Holstein, zinthu zonse zimafunika kujambula kuchokera pa ora loyamba la moyo:

  1. Sichikulimbikitsidwa kuchepetsa njira yoyamba kudyetsa.
  2. Ngati azindikila kuti pali magazi mu colostrum , ndibwino kupereka mwanayo mankhwala otentha kufika 39 ° C kuchokera ku ng'ombe ina.
  3. Mtundu wa colostrum uli pafupifupi 2.5 malita, koma osaposa 5% ya misa.
  4. Tsiku loyamba la ena kudyetsa mwana wa ng'ombe saliperekedwa.
  5. Mphungu imapatsidwa 3-4 nthawi patsiku.
  6. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito chikho cha teat pamene mukudyetsa.
  7. Ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu (15) kuchuluka kwake kwa colostrum ndifikira 8 malita.
  8. Ali ndi zaka ziwiri, ana amapititsidwa ku magulu a magulu ndikupereka mkaka wambiri.
  9. Hayi amapereka ana kuchokera sabata yoyamba.
  10. Chizolowezi cha udzu chimadalira zaka, ana a miyezi itatu amapereka 1.4 makilogalamu, ndi ana a miyezi 6 - makilogalamu atatu.
  11. Kuchokera tsiku lachinayi, zimayambira mu zakudya.
  12. Chizoloŵezi cha kuganizira kwa miyezi itatu ndi pafupifupi makilogalamu 1.6-2.
  13. Mphuno ya ng'ombe za Holstein amaperekedwa kwa ana akafika msinkhu wa mwezi umodzi.
  14. Silage ndi haylage ya ana a ng'ombe amaperekedwa kuchokera miyezi iwiri.

Kuwotchera koweta koweta ku Holstein nyama

Ku US, ng'ombe zoweta za Holstein zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyama zabwino kwambiri. Kumadzulo, amphaka amakula mwa kuwapatsa chakudya chokwanira ndi zigawo zapadera zamagetsi ndi zakudya zing'onozing'ono zowonjezera. Ndi njirayi, ng'ombe za Holstein zimapindula bwino ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira pa nthawi yeniyeniyo.

Mbuzi zoweta nyama zakutchire: Holstein ng'ombe:

  1. Ng'ombe zazing'ono zimatengera mkaka m'malo mwa 20%.
  2. Masiku oyambirira 45-60 - mkaka kapena mkaka m'malo.
  3. Panthawi yovuta, ana amaperekedwa kusakaniza tirigu.
  4. Granulated starter kwa ng'ombe Ng'ombe za Holstein zimapereka kwa milungu iwiri.
  5. Mtengo woyambira umakhala wochokera ku 0,5 makilogalamu kufika ku 0.750 makilogalamu.
  6. Chiwerengero cha zakudya zowuma - 33% ndi oat ndi mapuloteni ndipo amapitirira 34%.
  7. Pa sabata lachisanu ndi chitatu kuchuluka kwake kwafika pofika makilogalamu 1.5.
  8. Zakudya zowatsamwitsa Holstein ng'ombe zamphongo - 80% ya wosweka tirigu forage, roughage - 20%.
  9. Mapuloteni okhala ndi ng'ombe ya 180-340 kg ndi 16% mu zakudya.
  10. Pamapeto pake, chiwerengero cha chimanga chimabweretsa 80% -90%.

Zovuta za mtundu wa Holstein

Pofuna kugula ng'ombe kuti apange mkaka, m'pofunikanso kufufuza zinyama za ng'ombe za Holstein ndi momwe angasungirane. Kuwona pa ziweto zapamwamba zizindikiro za mkaka zimatheka ndi zokhazokha pakudyetsa chakudya komanso njira zovuta zodyetsera ng'ombe. Ndi zofunika kudziwa mavuto ena a mtundu uwu:

  1. Nkhuku ya mtundu wa Milk Golshtinskaya ndi yoyera ndipo imalekerera bwino zinthu zosagwirizana.
  2. Kusokonezeka maganizo kumakhudza thanzi la ziweto.
  3. Kusintha malo okhalamo kapena kuyendetsa anthu akuluakulu kungakhudze zokolola, ndi bwino kugula kubereka ana ang'onoting'ono.
  4. M'nyengo yozizira, mkaka wa mkaka wa ng'ombe za Holstein ukucheperachepera.
  5. M'nyengo yozizira, borries amafuna chakudya chapamwamba.