Poona masewera a ana ndi chitukuko chawo, wasayansi wodziwika bwino komanso katswiri wafilosofi Maria Montessori analenga njira yapadera yolerera ana, pogwiritsa ntchito lingaliro lolimbikitsa mwanayo kuti adzichepetse yekha ndi kudzidziwa yekha. Mwana aliyense ali wapadera ndipo kuyambira kubadwa kwake akuyesera ufulu, ndipo ntchito ya akulu ndikumuthandiza kufotokozera zomwe angathe. Iyi ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi ana m'masukulu a Montessori -sukulu zotsatila za njira yopambana kwambiri ya anthu. Kuwonjezera apo, magulu a maphunziro a ndondomekoyi amagwiritsira ntchito zinthu zina zopangidwa ndi Mlengi mwiniwakeyo komanso cholinga chake chokonzekera maluso abwino komanso magetsi a ana.
Montessori wakuthupi
Fayilo ya masewera ndi ubwino wa Maria Montessori ndi osiyana kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, mphunzitsiyo adapatsa ana ake kuti amuphunzitse moyo wake wonse, ndipo mwa kuyesa ndi kulakwitsa anasankha yekha ntchito zabwino kwambiri, masewera ndi zipangizo. Anaganizira zonse mpaka kumapeto. Zosangalatsa za mipando, dongosolo loyenera la danga, kusunga malamulo ndi dongosolo, zaka za ana - sizinapangidwe kanthu kamodzi kokha popanda chidwi chake.
Kodi tinganene chiyani za "Montessori" ya "golide" - masewera ndi zipangizo zamakono zopititsa patsogolo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi othandizira njira mpaka lero. Pachiyambi chawo, ma toys amakono akulengedwa, ndipo amayi amaijambula okha ndi manja awo. Mwachitsanzo, masikono amasiku ano, opanga mabala, opanga ma carpet - zonsezi ndizo Maria Montessori. Zimathandizira kukulitsa umunthu, kudzithandizira kudziŵa dziko lozungulira, komanso kukhazikitsa luso ndi nzeru zomwe zapezedwa kale. Poyang'ana pa chitukuko cha luso lapamtunda wamagetsi ndi zowona, Mlengi anafuna kukhazikitsa chiyambi chauzimu cha ana, chifukwa mwa lingaliro lake, ichi ndi maziko a munthu wathunthu, womasuka komanso wokhutira.
Kuti tidziwe bwino za zipangizo za maphunziro a Montessori, tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo zingapo:
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kudzaza. Monga potsirizira, tirigu, nandolo, nyemba, ndi polystyrene amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ntchito yawo ndikulingalira luso labwino la ana.
- Mitsuko yodzazidwa mosiyana. Phunzirani kumva luso la wamng'ono kwambiri.
- Chifuwa ndi zinsinsi, ndithudi amakonda ana okalamba. Chipangizo chophweka chomwe chimakhala ngati bokosi lokhala ndi mitsuko yambiri, komwe aliyense amazidabwitsa (mwachitsanzo, chidole chaching'ono), adzaphunzitsa mwana kutsegula ndi kutseka chidebecho, ndikuthandizira kupanga manja.
- Zipulositiki za "njala" zamphongo ndi dzenje pakamwa. Inde, wamng'onoyo sakanafuna kuthandiza "bwenzi", ndipo adzakondwera kumudyetsa ndi mikanda yaing'ono kapena nandolo. Ntchito yotereyi imaphunzitsa diso, dzanja, chidwi ndi kuleza mtima.
- Zojambula zazithunzi - zowonongeka kwambiri, zimakonda kwambiri ana ambiri. Zoonadi, kudzijambula palokha ndi ntchito yosangalatsa ndi yothandiza kwa ana a misinkhu yonse.
- Zithunzi zodulidwa ndi mtundu wa puzzles.
- Zinthu za gulu lina lomwe limasiyana ndi mtundu, mawonekedwe kapena kukula. Mwachitsanzo, mwana asanagone mitengo itatu ya Khirisimasi ndikupatsanso makoswe wambiri: wofiira, wabuluu ndi wachikasu. Ntchito ya mwanayo ndi kukongoletsa mtengo uliwonse wa Khirisimasi ndi makos a mtundu winawake.
- Kuyika mafelemu. Zopangidwa ndi mtundu wa wopanga zojambula, kawirikawiri matabwa, amaphunzitsa malingaliro opanga magetsi, luso lapamwamba la magalimoto ndi kugwirizanitsa. Pali zojambulidwa zosiyanasiyana zojambula zinyama, zojambulajambula, masamba ndi zipatso, ziwerengero zamakono.
- Nsanja ya pinki. Dziwitsani anawo ndi "zazikulu" ndi "zochepa", "zochepa", zambiri.
