Ma leeks - kukula ndi kuyamwitsa, momwe mungapezere kukolola kokwanira?

Anthu ambiri m'nyengo ya chilimwe akufuna kukhala ndi leek pa chiwembu chawo, kulima ndi kusamalira izo zikuchitika poganizira mbali zina. Chomeracho chimasinthika bwino ndi zochitika zilizonse ndipo chafala padziko lapansi, makamaka m'madera ozizira. Chikhalidwe chiyamikiridwa ngati vitamini C..

Lembani - ndondomeko

Leek ya munda ndi nthenda yotchedwa herbaceous biennial ndi kutalika kwa 0.4 mpaka 1 mamita. Kuchokera ku tuber yonyenga, imakula tsinde loyera kuchokera pansi (gawo lofunika kwambiri la chomeracho ndi kukoma kosavuta) ndi masamba ambiri a lanceolate okonzedwa ndi fanasi. Mtundu wawo ndi emerald kapena bluish. M'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, mkaka wa mkaka umapangika pamunda, mbewuzo zimapsa kwa zaka ziwiri. Nkhukuyi imakhala yozizira, kumera kummwera imapangidwa ndi kubzala mbewu pansi, kumpoto - mothandizidwa ndi mbande. Culture amakonda chinyontho ndi hibernates pa kutentha ndi utuchi kapena peat.

Leek - mitundu

Katswiri wamakono opanga maekisi angakupatseni mitundu yosiyana:

1. Kumayambiriro - kusonkhanitsidwa mu August - kumayambiriro kwa September, kuchapitsa masiku 150, masambawo alibe, mpaka masentimita atatu.
2. Chakumapeto - zokolola zikumera mu October, zimakula masiku 180, miyendo ikufika masentimita 7 kudutsa.

Mitengo yabwino kwambiri ya anyezi, kulima ndi kusamalira zomwe sizibweretsa mavuto apadera:

• Osautsa - oyambirira, osagonjetsedwa ndi matenda a fungal;
• Casimir - oyambirira, compact, ndi zokolola zambiri;
• Tango - oyambirira, ozizira-ozizira, ololera;
• Columbus - kukula koyambirira kwa mitundu, chifukwa kutsekemera thunthu sikufuna kukwera;
• Carrantan - mochedwa zosiyanasiyana ndi kukoma kokoma, mlingo wa tsinde ukufika 25 cm;
• Njovu - mochedwa, chisanu ndi kusagwira chilala, ndi masamba a buluu, yokutidwa ndi sera;
• Nyengo yam'mbuyo imachedwa ndi phazi lalikulu mpaka masentimita 40 ndi 8 masentimita.

Masaya - kubzala ndi kusamalira

M'madera ambiri mukhoza kukhala ndi leek, kulima ndi kusamalidwa kwanu kuchokera ku mbewu kapena mothandizidwa ndi mbande malingana ndi dera lanu. Nthaka pa bedi lolimidwa imasowa ndale. Pachifukwachi, laimu yowonjezeredwa ku asidi padziko lapansi, ndipo peat imawonjezeredwa ku nthaka yamchere. M'dzinja m'munda uli ndi feteleza ndi manyowa - 6-8 makilogalamu pa 1 sq. M. Oyambitsa chikhalidwe ayenera kukhala mbatata, biringanya, dzungu. Leek ndi kukonda dzuwa, kubzala ndi kukula zikuchitika pamalo otseguka, ndi kuwala kochuluka, kutali ndi mitengo. Mu kasupe, nthaka imagawidwa ndi humus - 3 makilogalamu pa 1 sq.m.

Kukula ma leeks a leeks kupyolera mbande

M'madera otentha ma leeks amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kulima kumayamba ndi mawu otsatirawa:

• pakati pa mwezi wa February - mabokosi apadera pawindo;
• pakati pa April - mu wowonjezera kutentha;
• kumapeto kwa April - pansi pa cellophane m'munda.

Malamulo akusamalira mbande:

• Njirayi imakhala mabokosi kapena makaseti a peat;
• Mbeu isanayambe kumera pamera wonyezimira kwa masiku 2-3;
• Mbeu imakula ndi masentimita 1, imadulidwa mizere ndi masentimita asanu kuchokera pamzake, ndi sitepe pakati pa mbeu 2 cm;
• Musanayambe kumera, kuthirira kumachitika tsiku ndi tsiku (popanda kupuma kwa madzi);
• bokosi loyamba limapezeka ndi cellophane, loikidwa m'malo ndi zinthu + 22-25 ° C;
• ali ndi zaka zinayi, zobiriwira zimalowa m'miphika, mpaka kumapeto kwa April mbande zimasowa chisamaliro chapadera - kuwala ndi nyali. Pamene mukukula mbande mu miphika ya peat, kuika sikufunika;
• kutentha pambuyo kumera kwa kumera ndi 20 ° C masana ndipo sikuposa 14 ° C usiku. Ngati chipinda chimawotcha, mzere wa maluwa umapangidwira chaka choyamba, osati chotsatira;
• Kufika pansi kumapangidwa zaka khumi zapitazo za May - kumayambiriro kwa June (masiku 60 pambuyo pofesa), ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa kutentha kosalekeza;
• Mizu yaikidwa mu dothi ladothi, ndipo felemu iliyonse imadziwika mosiyana ndi masentimita 10 ndikuyikidwa bwino.

Ma leeks - kukula kuchokera ku mbewu

Kumadera akummwera, chikhalidwe chabzala pamalo otseguka. Akafunsidwa, mukamadzala ndi kulima maekisi a anyezi, amaluwa amalangiza, ndikufesa pambuyo pa May 15. Mabedi a m'dzinja ali ndi feteleza ndipo amadzazidwa ndi filimu yakuda yotentha. Atatha theka la ora mu njira yothetsera potaziyamu permanganate ndipo anakula masiku 2-3 pa nsalu yonyowa pokonza, mbewu zimabzalidwa m'nthaka molingana ndi 15x15 cm mzere m'mizere. Chodzala ndi chophimba, chophimbidwa ndi cellophane musanayambe. Nthawi zina nkhuku zimabzalidwa m'nyengo yozizira mu November, ndiye malowa amamangiriridwa ndi peat, utuchi, kenako amawaza ndi chisanu. Mbande zidzawonekera m'chaka.

Sungani ma leeks

Kulima kwa leeked leeked, kusamalira mbande kumaphatikizapo ndondomeko ya miyambo - kuthirira mwamphamvu, weeding, namsongole kuchotsa namsongole, feteleza, kuteteza matenda. Njira zina zowonjezera chomera, kuti atenge tsinde loyera, chomwe chiri kupambana kwakukulu kwa chitsamba:

1. Katatu panthawi ya zomera, chikhalidwe chimakula. Yambani kukonkha chitsamba ndi zina zowonjezera dothi pakati pa chilimwe, chisamaliro chotere ndi chitsimikizo mutatha kuthirira, ndiye ma leeks ali ndi udzu kapena udzu wouma.
2. Kutsegula kumachitika milungu iwiri iliyonse. Pambuyo pa tsinde la anyezi lafika pa kukula kwa pensulo, padding ikuphatikizidwa ndi hilling.
3. Pofuna kuteteza mbewu ku ntchentche ya anyezi, deralo limawaza fumbi kapena phulusa, kaloti amabzalidwa pafupi.
4. Polimbana ndi fungal matenda (dzimbiri, powdery mildew ) phytosporin ndi zothandiza. Kupewa masamba a masamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu zotetezedwa ndi disinfected, kuchotsa namsongole. Kumalo amodzi mbewu imatha kubzalidwa kawirikawiri kamodzi pazaka 4.
5. Kololani mbewu mpaka kutentha kutsetsere kufika pa -5 ° C.
6. Kusunga kumayambira mu bokosi lofanana mumchenga ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Zapadera za kukula ma leeks - kuthirira

Kuthirira kwabwino ndikofunika kwa kukula kwa mbewu, yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyezi. Mafuta - zinsinsi za kuthirira ndi kukula:

• Mbewu sizingathe kutsukidwa kwa masiku atatu oyambirira mutabzala;
• ndi kusamalira madzi akutsatiridwa kumapeto kwa masiku asanu, mlingo wa ntchito yamadzi ofunda ndi malita 10 pa 1 sq. m ya chiwembu;
• mu chilala kukula kwa mbewu kumayimitsidwa, pambuyo pa ulimi wothirira (osachepera 20 malita pa 1 mita imodzi) imayambiranso;
• Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'mabedi sizingaloledwe - izo zimawononga mizu;
• mankhwala othandiza kwambiri pa zomera - m'mphepete mwa mizere;
• Kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumathandiza kuteteza chinyezi komanso kuteteza dothi.

Kukula ma leeks pa dacha-top dressing

Pakati pa nyengo, chikhalidwe chimadyetsedwa kangapo, pamene n'kofunika kukumbukira kuti chomeracho chimayimitsa bwino nitrogeni - ikhoza kuvunda makamaka makamaka nthawi yosungirako. Maekisi a Leek - kuvala ndi kusamalira kwina:

1. Pakatha masabata atatu, mutha kuthirira nthaka ndi yankho la 20 g wa ammonium nitrate ndi 15 g ya potaziyamu mchere mu 10 malita a madzi (kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumakwanira 4 mamita mamita a dera).
2. Zakudya zimabwerezedwa milungu iwiri iliyonse.
3. Yankho labwino la leek ndi organic - yankho la mullein (1: 8) kapena zitosi za mbalame (1:20).
4. Musanayambe kuphika, kapu imodzi ya phulusa imayikidwa pansi pamtunda wa mita imodzi ya chiwembu.