Mizu ya orange imagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika papepala, ndikupanga juisi ndi mbale zosiyanasiyana. Ndi mavitamini ochuluka, carotene komanso othandiza kwambiri thupi. Kulima kaloti ndi njira yosavuta, koma pali mfundo zina ndi malamulo omwe amakulolani kusonkhanitsa zokolola zabwino nthawi zonse.
Kukula kaloti pamalo otseguka
Chitsamba chimenechi ndi chomera chazaka ziwiri, muzu umapangidwa m'chaka choyamba cha moyo. Mukadzala kaloti, muyenera kudziwa kuti kulima ndi kusamalira pamalo oyenera kumatanthauza zotsatirazi:
- Kufesa mbewu zowamba kumayambira kumapeto kwa April;
- bedi liyenera kukhala pa nsanja yotentha, mumthunzi muzuwo udzakhala wochepa kwambiri ndipo sudzapereka zokolola zazikulu;
- kuti atenge kaloti okoma, amafesedwa pansi, osati wowawasa;
- kuthirira mochuluka kumadza ndi mfundo yakuti muzu wa mbeu udzakhala wambiri ndipo udzakhala chakudya;
- masamba amafuna gawo lotayirira, mwinamwake ilo limagunda;
- pamene kukula kaloti sikugwiritsire ntchito manyowa atsopano, kapena kukhala ndi mawonekedwe oipa;
- Ngati masamba samathiridwe kwa nthawi yaitali, amataya kukoma kwake ndi juiciness;
- Ngati nthaka yothira pambuyo pa nthawi yaitali youma, chipatso chimatha;
- popanda kupatulira kumakula zofooka zipatso zochepa.
Momwe mungabzalitse kaloti molondola pansi?
Kulima kaloti kumachitika pa mabedi komwe anyezi, nkhaka, mbatata kapena beets zinakula kale. Pofuna kukolola zochuluka mukusowa nthaka yobiriwira - chifukwa chaichi dziko lapansi lakumbidwa ndipo rakes zawonongedwa. Pofuna kuchepetsa acidity, phulusa limawonjezeredwa kunthaka. Kulima kaloti m'dzikoli kumapangidwa kuchokera ku mbewu, musanadzalemo iwo amathiridwa kwa masiku 3-4, kenako zouma. Mabedi atapangidwa 2 cm chakuya, momwe muyenera kuyika mbewuzo. Mbeu ndizochepa kwambiri, kotero kuti zigonere mofanana komanso sizigwera pamalo amodzi, wamaluwa amadza ndi njira zoyambirira:
- Zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga - kotero mbewu sizimamatirana pamodzi ndi zoyenera;
- Mbewu iliyonse imayikidwa ku pepala la chimbuzi, ndiye tepiyo imangokhala pa bedi;
- konzekerani zochokera ku starch ya mbatata, momwe mbeu imayidwira ndikutsanulira mofanana pansi;
- Mbeu zimabzalidwa 3-5 masentimita pambali, pakati pa mabedi amawona kusiyana kwa 15-20 masentimita.
Kusamalira kaloti kunja
Kulima mbewu kumunda mutabzala kumafuna ntchito yodalirika. Kodi kukula lalikulu karoti m'munda:
- Kusamba masamba ndi kofunika nthawi zambiri komanso moyenera madzulo. Ndi kusowa kwa chinyontho achinyamata mizu akhoza kufa, ndipo kupitirira kwa izo kumabweretsa imfa ya juiciness ndi kukoma kwa masamba. Mbewu ziyenera kubzalidwa katatu pamlungu. Mzere wa masentimita a chiwembu uyenera kukhala ndi chidebe cha madzi. Kuyambira pakati pa nyengo yokula, ulimi wothirira umachitika kamodzi pa sabata. Ndiye mizu yopangidwa imalira, imapanga yaitali komanso ngakhale zipatso. Masabata awiri asanakolole, kaloti amaimitsidwa;
- Pambuyo masiku 10 ndi 20, mbeuyo imachepetsedwa - mbande zambiri zimakula nthawi zambiri. Ngati izi zanyalanyazidwa, zimamera bwino sizidzalola kukula kwa chipatso chachikulu-masamba adzakula pang'ono;
- Kupalira ndi kofunikira kotero kuti namsongole asazimitse mphukira;
- Kutsegula ndi gawo lofunika pakulima kaloti. Kutumphuka pamwamba pa dziko lapansi kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti ziphuke;
- Mbewu zimamera kwa pafupi masabata atatu.
Karoti akudyetsa panja
Pakuti kulima kaloti sikungathekeke kuvala pamwamba (2 nthawi pa nyengo), chifukwa mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ntchito yoyamba imapangidwa 3-4 masabata mutatha kuwonekera, yachiwiri - mu miyezi ingapo. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zamadzimadzi. Kuti muchite izi, ikani chidebe cha madzi:
- supuni ya nitrofosque ;
- magalasi awiri a phulusa;
- kuphatikiza 20 g wa nitasiamu nitrate, 15 g wa double superphosphate ndi urea.
Kodi kukula kaloti mu wowonjezera kutentha?
Kulima kaloti ndiko kwenikweni komanso mu malo otchedwa hothouse. Ubwino wa njirayi ndi kuti masamba adzawonekera kale kuposa m'munda. Kwa ichi, mitundu yoyambirira imasankhidwa - Mokush, Eli Nantes, Amsterdam Forsing 3, Mokum. Kumene mungamere kaloti m'mayeso otere:
- mu zomangidwa ndi polycarbonate;
- mu hothouses chophimba ndi zojambulazo.
Chinthu chachikulu ndikuonetsetsa kuti pali kuwala kochepa mu wowonjezera kutentha komanso mpweya wabwino. Ngati munda wachisanu umatenthedwa, ndiye kuti kubzala kwa mbeu kungapangidwe chaka chonse. Kaloti amakula bwino mu gawo lolimba, nthaka ya kulima ikhale yotayirira. Mbewu imapangidwa, ndondomeko yobzala mbewu: 2 cm - kuya; 20-25 masentimita ndi m'lifupi. Malamulo oti asamalire kalotiti oyambirira akugwirizana ndi kumera masamba osatsekera ndikuphatikizapo kutsirira, kupalira, kupatulira ndi kudyetsa. Chifukwa cha wowonjezera kutentha, zokolola zimatha kupezeka popanda kuyembekezera kugwa. Ngati mubzala bedi kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, ndiye kuti masamba akukolola mu May.
Kodi kukula kaloti kunyumba?
Mbewu zowonjezera pawindo zingathe kupezeka chaka chonse. Kuweta zoweta, zochepa za kaloti ndizoyenera, mwachitsanzo, kumayambiriro kwa Amsterdam. Amapereka zipatso zazing'ono ndi zokoma. Kodi kukula kaloti m'nyumba:
- dothi louma;
- Tengani zam'mwamba (mpaka 20 cm) zotsalira (zosavuta pankhaniyi m'mabotolo a pulasitiki ndi odulidwa pamwamba), ayenera kukhala ndi mabowo pansi;
- Kukula kaloti kunyumba kumalangizidwa pa nthawi iliyonse ya chaka - mbewu zimayikidwa mu chidebe chimodzi cha zidutswa zitatu (kenako zimakhala kuti zimasulidwe, kuchoka pamphuphu yamphamvu kwambiri);
- miphika sayenera kuima pansi pa dzuwa;
- kuthirira madzi akuima;
- pakatha masabata awiri zikumera pang'onopang'ono - pakati papafupi zikhale 2 cm;
- Kudyetsa kaloti m'nyumba kumakhala kotheka nayitrogeni feteleza, koma ndi pang'ono - mosiyana ndizomwe zimayambitsa kukula msanga kwa masamba;
- Kukolola kumachitika masiku makumi asanu ndi awiri ndipo mwamsanga chotsani mtanda wotsatira;
- M'mayiko amodzi akulimbikitsidwa kufesa masamba osaposa katatu.
Zinsinsi za kukula kaloti
Pezani zokolola zokongola ndi zosavuta zomwe zingatheke kwa iwo omwe amadziwa chinsinsi cha momwe angamerekere kaloti zazikulu:
- Gulani mbewu zobiriwira bwino - zakhala zikuchiritsidwa ndi fungicide;
- mitundu yotchuka kwambiri: Nantes, Losinoostrovskaya 13, Samsoni, Vitamini 6;
- Chifukwa chodzala nthaka yokongola ya loamy, kugwa imayenera kukumbidwa, ndipo kumapeto kukonza humus ndi kompositi ;
- makamaka karoti imakula bwino pambuyo pa anyezi;
- Mbeu ziyenera kuthiridwa musanadzalemo, kenako zouma;
- Mu kasupe kubzala kumachitika ndi kutentha, pambuyo maluwa mbalame chitumbuwa;
- Kudyetsa njere m'nyengo yozizira kumakupatsani inu kukolola mu July;
- malamulo akuluakulu oyang'anira - kuchotsa udzu, kuchotsa namsongole, kuyang'anira chinyezi cha dziko lapansi ndi kuteteza mawonekedwe a pamwamba.
Kulima kaloti mwa njira ya Kizima
Galonda Kizima wokonda minda ya zamasamba amapereka njira zake zofesera, zomwe zimateteza masamba ku tizirombo ndi matenda. Mbali za kulima kaloti mwa njira yake:
- bedi limanyowa ndi kuthiridwa ndi "Phytosporin" usiku watha;
- m'mawa amapanga grooves pamtunda wa masentimita asanu;
- Mbewu za marigolds zimabzalidwa pozungulira (zimayambitsanso tizirombo), ndiye kuchokera m'mphepete mwake - mizere itatu ya kaloti, ndi pakati - chaka chimodzi cha anyezi;
- Mbeu siidakwaniridwe ndipo kenako mbande sizing'onozing'ono;
- Kuti musadwale komanso musadye kaloti, mutengeni supuni 1 ya mbewu, KUTSATIRA ufa wambiri (kapena mchere wina uliwonse, kupatula potaziyamu kloridi) ndi mchenga wabwino;
- zonse zimasakanizidwa ndikufesedwa, ngati msuzi wasungunuka mchere;
- Nthaka imamangidwira ndipo imayendetsedwa ndi manja a manja;
- Pambuyo pakuonekera kwa masamba anai, kuthirira kumasiya.
Chinese njira kukula kaloti
Aliyense amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti munda usanayambe kubzala ndi rakes, ndipo n'zotheka kudzala masamba m'mapiri okwera. Pankhaniyi, mbewu zowonjezera zimalandira kuyatsa bwino, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukula bwino ndi kupeza chitetezo ku matenda, pambuyo poti rooting ndi yovuta kuyeretsa. Malamulo a kulima kaloti mu Chinese:
- mapiri ozungulira amapangidwa ndi khasu, kutalika - kufika 20 cm, mtunda pakati pa mizera - 60 masentimita;
- m'munsi mwa chigwacho akugwiritsidwa ntchito feteleza: mita imodzi ya nthaka imakhala ndi theka-chidebe cha humus, 15 g wa nitrophosphoric acid, 30 g wa superphosphate ;
- Mbeu zimabzalidwa m'mitsinje iwiri kumbali zosiyana za chimanga chimodzi, kukula kwa 2 cm;
- mwezi woyamba kuthirira mowolowa manja;
- Chomeracho chimapangidwira, tizirombo timachotsedwa;
- Kuvala pamwamba kumachitika molingana ndi chizoloŵezi chozoloŵera;
Dutch njira kukula kaloti
Tekeni yamakono ikufanana ndi Chitchaina, kusiyana kwake kuli pamtambali ndi m'lifupi mwake. Njira ya Dutch yakukula kaloti:
- kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, mitundu ya Nantes, Berlikum, Flakke imagwiritsidwa ntchito;
- mapiri adadulidwa pamtunda wa masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri (75 cm) wina ndi mzake, m'lifupi ndi bedi ndi masentimita 20, kutalika kumatha kufika theka la mita;
- Kukonzekera dothi kumaphatikizapo kugula ndi kasupe kumasula;
- pamphepete, mzere umodzi wa mbeu ndi mzere wa masentimita 6, awiri kapena atatu, mzere - masentimita 2;
- Kuwonjezera - kutsirira, feteleza, kupatulira.
Kodi kuthira kaloti?
Kuthira mowa kwambiri kwa mabedi ndi ndiwo zamasamba kumabweretsa kuwona kuti muzu mbewu zimakula zokhotakhota, zamphongo kapena zosweka. Mbewu iyi salola kulema kapena kutentha kwambiri. Kusasowa kwa madzi ndi chifukwa chakuti zokolola zimakhala zovuta ndipo zimataya kukoma kwake, ndipo kuwonjezera-kukhuta kumayambitsa kukula kwakukulu kwa nsongazo. Ndikofunika kudziwa momwe mungasamalire kaloti, kuti mizu ikhale yosalala ndi yowutsa mudyo. Ulamuliro wa moistening umasiyana ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a kukula kwa mbande.
Kodi kuthirira karoti mutabzala?
Mwamsanga mutangoyamba kufesa ndi pamaso pa mphukira zoyamba, nthaka chinyezi chiyenera kukhala chokwera. Kuthetsa bedi ndikofunikira kuchokera kumadzi kungathe kupyolera mbewu. Akafunsidwa kangati kuti adye kaloti, olima amaluwa amapereka malangizo awa:
- onetsetsani masamba kumayambiriro kwa kukula kamodzi pa sabata kuti nthaka ikhale yodzaza;
- mu June-Julayi, mutatha kulembetsa mizu, kuthirira kuchepetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata, madzi akuwonjezeka. Ndiye mizu imakula mofanana pansi pofunafuna chinyezi;
- Mu theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa August, mutengapo mbeu, kuthirira kwaimitsidwa (kothiridwa mu chilala). Ngati masamba ali odzaza, ndiyeno mvula imatha - izi ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa.
Kodi kukula kaloti popanda kuthirira?
Kawirikawiri, kutentha kwa zomera ndi kovuta ndipo kumayenderana ndi mavuto ambiri - ndalama, thupi, bungwe. Kulima kaloti popanda kuthirira:
- Nthaka imakumbidwa m'dzinja, m'chaka - imalimidwa;
- Kuonjezera mphamvu za nthaka kuti zisunge chinyezi, zimapindula ndi peat, manyowa, kuvala mchere;
- Kubzala mbewu kumapangidwa bwino powapachikizira pa mpukutu wa pepala la chimbuzi, umene umayikidwa pansi, owazidwa ndi manja a pansi;
- ndiye bedi liri ndi poti polyethylene yakuda;
- pa masiku 15-17 cellophane imachotsedwa;
- Kuwonjezera apo, chinyezi cha nthaka chimaperekedwa pokhala ndizomwe zimakhala zosasunthika pamtunda.
- nthaka ili ndi mulch - utuchi, udzu wouma, udzu, singano;
- zidzasintha kayendedwe ka madzi a mpweya, mbewu zowonjezereka zidzakula pansi kufunafuna chinyezi ndikukula mwamphamvu komanso ngakhale.
Matenda a kaloti panthawi ya kulima
Ndikofunika kudziwa momwe mungamere kaloti ndikupewa matenda ake:
- Chimodzi mwa tizirombo tambiri mwa masamba ndi ntchentche. Pofuna kuthana ndi izo, ndi bwino kudzala chomera pafupi ndi anyezi, kuwaza pansi ndi tsabola zokometsera, udzu, udzu wouma. Pamaso pa masamba osokonekera, m'pofunikira kukonza nsonga za Aktellikom;
- chiopsezo cha mawonekedwe (mitundu yovunda) imachepetsa kupopera mbewu kwa mabedi kamodzi pa mwezi ndi njira yothetsera chisakanizo cha Bordeaux ;
- Kuchuluka kwa majeremusi ndi matenda a kaloti adzapulumutsidwa mwa kumasulidwa ndi kupatulira, kupangidwa nthawi.