Khansara ya khungu ndi matenda omwe amakhudza anthu ambiri chaka ndi chaka. Mpaka pano, kufa kwa khansara ya khungu ndi pafupifupi 5% mwa khansa yonse. Anthu okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi okalamba, oposa zaka 50.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya khansara ya khungu: basal cell ndi squamous cell carcinoma khungu. Basal cell carcinoma ya khungu imayamba pansi pa khungu. Squamous cell carcinoma imadutsa mumtunda wa corneum - pamwamba.
Pofuna kudziwa matendawa kumayambiriro, muyenera kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a khansa yapakhungu.
Zifukwa za khansa yapakhungu:
- zotsatira za khansa (X-rays, mankhwala);
- Kutsekemera (kuwonetseredwa ndi kutuluka kwa dzuwa kwa nthawi yaitali).
Zifukwa zosawoneka bwino ndi zowonongeka zikuphatikizapo ulubino, lupus, kutentha kwambiri, zilonda zam'tsogolo. Khansara ya khungu imatha kupezeka ndi anthu opaka khungu komanso osakanikirana ndipo imakula nthawi zambiri pamaso, manja, thunthu, kunyezimira.
Zizindikiro za khansara ya khungu
Pachiyambi choyamba, zizindikiro za khansa yapakhungu zikhoza kukhala palibe. Matendawa amakhala osadziŵika bwino - sangathe kudziwonetsera okha kwa zaka kapena kufika pa siteji yotsiriza m'miyezi ingapo. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za khansara ya khungu ndi mawonekedwe a zowonjezereka za mtundu wa pinki wotumbululuka. Manodoma amatha kuwoneka imodzi kapena sequentially. Mitundu imeneyi imayamba kukula mofulumira ndipo imakhudza mbali za khungu.
Basal cell carcinoma ya khungu imasiyana ndi chitukuko chachikulu cha maselo ndi chitukuko chochedwa. Pachiyambi choyamba, khansa yapakhungu iyi imatha kukhala yowonongeka, pakapita nthawi, khansara ya khungu imatha kukhala ngati chilonda kapena chilonda.
Kusanthula khansa ya khungu
Kuzindikira kwa khansara ya khungu kumapangidwira m'matenda. Chotupacho chimafufuzidwa pa makina oonera. Ngati pali kukayikira kulikonse, kufufuza kwina kumachitika - kufufuza kwa radioisotop. Madokotala ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yopenda khungu la khungu lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi chidziwitso. Ultrasound, ma kompyuta, mafilimu ndi njira zothandizira.
Kuchiza kwa khansa ya khungu
Malingana ndi siteji ya kansa ya khungu ndi momwe matendawa amachitikira, njira yothetsera imasankhidwa. Njira zambiri zothandizira matendawa ndi awa:
- Kuchiza ma ARV. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imene chotupacho n'chochepa. Thandizo la ma ARV silivomerezedwa kwa mwezi umodzi. Njirayi imakhalanso ndi zotsatira zoyipa - zikhoza kuwononga malo amtundu wathanzi;
- mankhwala opaleshoni. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 90% ya milandu. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuchiza khansara ya khungu pa thunthu, mikono, khosi. Njirayi ndi kuchotsa chotupa ndi malo ochepa khungu lozungulirapo ndi nitrojeni yamadzi. Kupewera opaleshoni sikungalephereke kuchotsedwa kwa metastases komanso kuwonjezeka kwa maselo am'mimba;
- mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Monga lamulo, njira iyi imagwiritsira ntchito limodzi ndi njira yopaleshoni ndi radiotherapy.
Kupewa Khansa Yapakhungu
Njira zazikulu:
- kuteteza khungu ku dzuwa, makamaka m'chilimwe;
- peŵani kuuma kwambiri khungu;
- Musathamangitse chithandizo cha zilonda ndi fistula;
- monga momwe zingathere, kuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi mafuta ndi zinthu zomwe ziri ndi khansa ya m'magazi;
- mwamsanga mufunsane ndi dokotala ndikudandaula pang'ono ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri.
Mwamwayi, palibe dokotala angapereke chitsimikizo cha 100% cha kupambana kwa chithandizo cha khansa. Choncho, anthu amene amadziwika kuti ali ndi matendawa ayenera kutenga njira zotetezera chitukukochi. Kukhala ndi kansalu ya khungu kumapangitsa kuti dzuwa likhale labwino. Zimatsutsana kwambiri ndi anthu omwe ali ndi khungu lamakono komanso lachilungamo. Kugwirizana ndi lamuloli kumathandiza atsikana ndi amayi ambiri kupeŵa kukula kwa kansa ya khungu mu ukalamba.