Kuti mupeze zipatso zabwino ndi zokolola za mphesa mu chaka chomwe chikubwera, nkofunika kupanga zonse zofunika agrotechnical miyeso, kuphatikizapo kudulira ndi pogona, kugwa. Kudulira kudzawonjezera zokolola ndikukongoletsa kukoma kwa zipatso, ndipo pogona adzateteza mpesa kukazizira.
Kukonzekera mphesa m'nyengo yozizira
Popeza mphesa ndi chomera chimene sichimalola kuti chisanu chikhale cholimba ndipo chimatha kuwonongeka kwa iwo, nkofunika kuti izizizira kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Kukonzekera mpesa m'nyengo yozizira ndi ntchito zingapo monga:
- kumasula nthaka ndi kuthirira;
- kudulira mipesa;
- feteleza ndi feteleza;
- kutentha kwa zomera.
Kudyetsa mphesa m'dzinja
Mukakolola mphesa, kudulira m'dzinja ndi pogona m'nyengo yozizira ziyenera kupangidwa pambuyo pa ntchito zina zofunika kukonzekera. Kumapeto kwa nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi fruiting, chomerachi chiyenera kuwonjezera mphamvu ndi mphamvu. Pali malingaliro angapo, malinga ndi zomwe ndi zofunika kupanga feteleza mphesa m'dzinja:
- Kuvala koyamba pamwamba kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa September. Zapangidwa kuti zifulumizitse kucha kwa mpesa. Amagwiritsa ntchito superphosphate ndi mchere wa potaziyamu. Mukhoza kuonjezera chigawo ichi ndi boric acid, zinc sulphate ndi manganese sulphate. Ngati nthaka m'munda wamphesa ndi mchenga, zidzakuthandizanso kupanga ayodini ya potaziyamu.
- Chakudya chachiwiri chimachitidwa patapita nthawi yophukira. Ndikofunikira kutulutsa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous m'nthaka.
Zofunikira zonse zokutira pamwamba ziyenera kutsatiridwa ndi madzi okwanira. Izi zowonongeka m'munda wamphesa amatchedwa vlagozaradkovym, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitengo. Ngati dothi lasiyidwa m'nyengo yozizira, chisanu chimalowa mkati mwake ndikuzama kwambiri ndipo chimayambitsa misonzi komanso imfa ya gawo lina la mizu. Kupatulapo - mvula yoyambilira mvula kuphatikizapo dothi lotayirira mu dera lodzala. Pankhaniyi, kuthirira kungachepetse.
Processing mphesa mu yophukira ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Pofuna kusunga thanzi la mabulosi, m'dzinja nkofunika kuti muzitha kuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo. Kuti muchite izi, yambani kuyang'ana mtengo wa mpesa ndikusiya nkhungu - matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'mphesa. Ngati zilonda zikupezeka, chotsani masamba ndi mphukira zakuda ndi kuchitira munda wamphesa chimodzi mwa izi:
- "Amistar";
- Msewu;
- Kuproksat;
- "Efal";
- "Folp".
Mwinamwake, mudzafunika kukonzanso mphesa m'dzinja pogonjetsedwa ndi oidium. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zokonzekera zowonongeka:
- "Mikal";
- Readzol;
- "Topaz";
- "Vectra";
- Zotsatira.
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga prophylaxis ndikulimbana ndi fomopsis ndi anthracnose. Kuti kupewa cercosporosis ntchito "Fundazol" ndi "Polychrome". Ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ngati tsamba la greenberry, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timaphatikizapo chifukwa cha fodya, chamomile, kapena kukonzekera "Rovikurt". Mankhwala onse ndi ofunikira kupanga nyengo yowuma ndi yopanda mphepo ndikugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoteteza.
Momwe mungadulire mphesa mu kugwa?
Kudulira kumathandizira kupanga tchire la mphesa, osalola kuti iwo azikula movutikira, motero zimakhala zovuta kukolola ndi kusamalira zomera. Kuonjezera apo, sichimangotulutsa zokolola, koma ngakhale kukula kwa mphesa. Kwa mphesa mphesa, kudulira ndi kovomerezeka, chifukwa kumathandiza kuti muzitha kuziphimba nthawi yachisanu kuti muteteze chisanu. Mu kasupe chifukwa mphesa mphesa chisamaliro ndi zosavuta, ndipo mwa autumn kwambiri zipatso zipse pa izo. Apa pali zotsatira zomaliza za momwe mungachepetse mphesa mu kugwa - ndondomeko. Mwa tsatanetsatane, ife tidzabwerera kwa izo patapita kanthawi pang'ono.
Maganizo a kudulira mphesa m'dzinja
Choyamba, kudulira nthawi yake n'kofunika. Kudziwa nthawi yodula mphesa kugwa, simudzavulaza munda wanu wamphesa ndikuchita bwino. Choncho, perekani kudulira m'magawo awiri:
- Mwamsanga mutatha kukolola. Bungwe lonse likangosonkhanitsidwa, nthambi zimatsukidwa ndi mphukira zosalala, nsonga zopota, zomwe zimalepheretsa chitukuko, komanso zowonongeka.
- Masabata awiri mutatha masamba akugwa. Kudula mitengoyi ndikofunikira. Panthawiyi, gawo la chakudya ndi nthawi yopita ku mizu ndi zigawo zina zosatha. Ndikofunika kuti kutentha kwa mpweya kusapite -3 ° C.
Kodi mungadule mphesa bwanji m'nyengo yozizira?
Palibiretu zovuta ndi momwe mungakonzekere mphesa zing'onozing'ono m'nyengo yozizira: mumangochotsa mphukira zochulukirapo pachaka ndikupanga chitsamba, ndikusiya manja 3-8 akukula pamtunda. Iwo adzapereka zokolola. Chinthu china ndi tchire chosatha, makamaka ngati sichidulidwe kale. Mitengo yotere imafuna ntchito yochulukirapo, koma ngakhale m'milandu yosasamalidwa bwino yomwe ili ndi kudulira bwino, mungathe kukwanitsa kupanga ndi kuonjezera zokolola.
Ndi nthawi yobwerera ku chithunzi pamwambapa. Umu ndi momwe kudulira mphesa kuyenera kuchitidwa m'dzinja kusanafike pobisala m'nyengo yozizira:
- M'masiku oyambirira a mwezi wa September, m'pofunika kuchotsa nsapato za zaka chimodzi zomwe zimakhala pansi pamanja, zomwe ziri pansi pa waya woyamba, zitatambasula theka la mita kuchokera pansi.
- Mu mphukira zowonjezera pamanja pamwamba pa waya 2 (30 cm pamwambapa), m'pofunika kudula 10% kutalika kwa mphukira ndi kudula mbali stepsons.
- Pakati pa mwezi wa October (pambuyo pa tsamba lakugwa), sankhani mafunde awiri omwe amakula kwambiri komanso amphamvu pamtunda wa waya awiri oyambirira. Mphukira yapansi, yomwe imakula kuchokera kumtunda kwa manja, iyenera kuchotsedwa, kusiya 3-4 maso pa iyo. Momwemo mudzakhazikitsa chomwe chimatchedwa kuti m'malo wotsatila.
- Kuthawa, kumbali ina ndi kupitirira, ndikofunikira kuti mudule, ndikusiyirani 5-12 maso. Icho chidzakhala chipatso chanu chovala.
Momwe mungabisire mphesa m'nyengo yozizira?
Minda yamphesa yambiri yopanda malo abwino akuwonongedwa chifukwa cha kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira. Zowononga kwambiri ndi kuzizira kwakukulu kwa mbewu zazing'ono. Choncho, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungakonzekerere mphesa zakutchire za chaka choyamba. Kwa iye, njira yobisala, yotchedwa hilling, ili yoyenera. Njira iyi siyikugwiritsa ntchito mopanda ntchito ndipo siigulitsa ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga mpesa wophimba muzunguliro kwa oyamba kumene. Muyenera kudzaza pansi pa mphukira ndi malo osanjikizidwa mu mawonekedwe a masentimita 25 mu msinkhu.
Komabe, mutha kuteteza mizu ya mphesa, ndipo masambawo amakhala kunja ndipo sangathe kulimbana ndi chisanu. Choncho, akulimbikitsanso kuti aphimbe mphesa ndi chimodzi mwa zida zophimba. Malo oterowo amatchedwa kwathunthu ndipo ndi njira yabwino kwambiri ngati muli wokhala pakati pa gulu. Mosiyana ndi nkhanu, yomwe imaphatikizapo chitetezo cha mbali yokha ya mphesa, malo okhalamo amatsimikizira kuti chitsamba chonse chili chitetezo.
Ndikuti liti kuphimba mphesa?
Ndibwino kuti tiyambe ntchito pogona pisanayambe kusamba kwa chisanu. Pamene mpesa udzakhala wotetezedwa mpaka lero, kutentha kwa -5 ° -8 ° C, kudutsa mtundu wa kuuma ndi kukhala bulauni. Mphesa woterewu umawoneka wokoma, udzasungidwa bwino kufikira masika. Ngati mutaphimba mphesa kale, ikhoza kutha, ndipo kuyamba kwa chisanu kudzakhudza kwambiri. Nthaŵi yeniyeni yoti muphimbe mphesa m'nyengo yozizira idzadalira dera lanu. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yobisala imabwera m'zaka khumi zachiwiri za mwezi wa October.
Kuposa kubisa mphesa m'nyengo yozizira?
Pali njira zambiri zomwe mungathe kuzibisa mphesa m'nyengo yozizira:
- spruce lapnics;
- udzu;
- mabango;
- agrovolokno;
- filimu.
Mphesa pa malo awo okha sizowona zokoma zokongola zokha, zomwe zimalandiridwa ndi akulu ndi ana. Imeneyi ndi njira yabwino yowatsitsimutsa malo, kulenga chigawo cha munda wamaluwa m'munda wanu. Kukula chomera chamtengo wapatali si chovuta, ngati mutatsata malingaliro onse ndikuwonanso zamakono, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndi kukonzekera munda wamphesa m'nyengo yozizira.