Tanthauzo la liwu lakuti "eidetika", lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano m'magulu osiyanasiyana, silikuwonekera kwa aliyense. Potembenuza kuchokera ku Greek, "eidos" amatanthauza "chithunzi." Kodi njirayi ndi yotani? Ndi zithunzi zotani zomwe zimakhala ndi chitukuko cha kuganiza? Kodi kuchuluka kwa njira yotchedwa "eidetika" ndi yotani?
Eidethism
Eidathism imatanthawuza khalidwe lapadera la kukumbukira anthu, lomwe limayang'ana kukonzekera maonekedwe, zomwe zimalola ubongo kusunga ndi kubweretsanso zithunzi zamoyo zazinthu zomwe taziwona kale. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mafano awa akuphatikizidwa ndi zovuta, kulawa, zosavuta komanso zovuta. Mu psychology, eidetism amatanthauza mwayi wobala chithunzi cha chinthu mwatsatanetsatane, ngakhale nkhaniyi sichikuwonekera. Pogwiritsa ntchito mawu, matanthauzo a thupi la zithunzithunzi ndizo zotsalira za analyzers.
Eidetism ndi yowonjezera kwa ana a msinkhu wa kusukulu ndi kusukulu. Zochitika za kukumbukira kwawo zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusonkhanitsa makalata ndi manambala ndi zinthu ndi zozizwitsa, zomwe zimayambitsa ndondomeko ya kuzindikira ndi kuloweza. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake njira yokhala ndi chidziwitso chotsitsimutsa eidetics imagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa ana oyambirira komanso ana a sukulu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti zaka zoyambirira za moyo wa ana, malo abwino a ubongo, omwe ali ndi udindo woyendetsa mlengalenga ndi intuition, amakula bwino kusiyana ndi kumanzere. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake machitidwe oyenerera pazinthu zothandizira ali othandiza kwambiri kwa ana a sukulu. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito njirayi pophunzitsira njira zakuthupi, zotsatirazo zidzakhala zabwino kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira
Mwatsoka, njira yophunzitsira m'mayunivesite ambiri a ana a sukulu m'mayiko a pambuyo pa Soviet akutsata njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kukumbukira makina komanso kulingalira bwino. Kusukulu, ana amakakamizidwa kuloweza pamtima malamulo osasinthika, ndondomeko, matebulo ochulukirapo , ndi zina. M'magulu apamwamba, malemba, machitidwe, ndi kuloweza malemba azinenero zina akunenedwa pa izi. Njira izi zimatsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha ubongo waumunthu, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kwa ana a sukulu.
Mosiyana ndi kachitidwe ka chikhalidwe, zovuta zimaganizira zochitika zachilengedwe za chitukuko cha ana. Wophunzira kusukulu amaphunzira zinthu zatsopano ndi zosangalatsa. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za njirayi zimachokera pa izi:
- kufunika kosintha malingaliro (mwanayo sagwirizane ndi malo amodzi, akhoza kuyendayenda m'kalasi momasuka, zomwe zimachotsa kutopa ndi kubwezeretsanso kulingalira);
- kusinthasintha kwa mwana nthawi zonse kuchokera pa phunziro kapena chodabwitsa kwa wina, zomwe zimathandiza kuyankha mosavuta kusintha mkhalidwe ndi kusintha mofulumira);
- zojambula zamaganizo ndi zooneka za chinthu chilichonse, chodabwitsa;
- kugwiritsa ntchito njira zogwirira ntchito mfundo zolondola ( mnemonics ).
Musanayambe maphunziro pa njira zothandizira, muyenera kudzidziŵa ndi ndondomeko yomwe ikuthandizira kukumbukira mfundo. Chokonzekera ichi chiri ndi zinthu zinayi:
- Chikhulupiliro cha mwanayo pochita zabwino ndi zochita zake.
- Kukonzekera kolondola koyenera kukumbukira.
- Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zamaphunziro pogwiritsira ntchito njira zothandiza.
- Kubwereza kwa mfundo zomwe zadutsa.
Mlengalenga pamaphunziro ayenera kukhala omasuka, osangalatsa. Ngati zofunikira zonse zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yapaderayi kudzakhudza kukula kwa kukumbukira mwana wamng'ono, chidwi chake ndi kuganiza kwake. Mwanayo adzasangalala ndi maphunziro, ndipo phunzirolo lidzakonzedwa mofulumira komanso mosavuta.