Wakukulu kwa okhulupirira ndi chizindikiro "Mpulumutsi Osapangidwa ndi Manja" - imodzi mwa mafano oyambirira a Orthodox, kumene nkhope ya Khristu imayimira. Tanthauzo la fanoli likufanana ndi kupachikidwa. Pali mndandanda wamndandanda umene amalemba odziwika bwino.
"Mpulumutsi Osapangidwa ndi Manja" - mbiri yakale
Anthu ambiri adadzifunsa kuti chifaniziro cha nkhope ya Khristu chinachokera kuti, ngati palibe chomwe chinanenedweratu m'Baibulo, ndipo kupereka kwa mpingo kunasunga zochepa zofotokozera maonekedwe? Mbiri ya chithunzi "Mpulumutsi Osapangidwa ndi Manja" ikusonyeza kuti mfundo za munthuyo zinamvekedwa ndi wolemba mbiri wachiroma Eusebius. Kazembe wa mzinda wa Edessa, Avgar, anali kudwala kwambiri, ndipo anatumiza wojambula kwa Khristu kuti alembe chithunzi chake. Iye sakanakhoza kupirira nawo ntchitoyo, chifukwa iye anachititsidwa khungu ndi chiwonongeko chaumulungu.
Kenako Yesu anatenga chovalacho ndipo anawapukuta nkhope yake pa iwo. Chozizwitsa chinachitika apa - chizindikiro cha nkhopeyo chinasamutsidwa ku nkhaniyi. Chithunzicho chimatchedwa "chosapangidwa ndi manja", chifukwa chinalengedwa osati ndi manja a anthu. Ndimo momwe chithunzichi chinatchedwa "Mpulumutsi Osapangidwa ndi Manja". Wojambulayo anatenga nsaluyo ndi nkhope kwa mfumu, yemwe, ataigwira mmanja mwake, adachiritsidwa. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, chithunzichi chachita zodabwitsa zambiri ndikupitiriza ntchitoyi mpaka pano.
Ndani analemba "Mpulumutsi Osapangidwa ndi Manja"?
Mndandanda woyamba wa zithunzi unayamba kuonekera mwamsanga kukhazikitsidwa kwa Chikristu ku Russia. Amakhulupirira kuti awa anali Mabaibulo a Byzantine ndi Achigiriki. Chizindikiro "Mpulumutsi Osapangidwa ndi Manja", amene analembapo ndiye Mpulumutsi mwiniwake, wosungidwa ndi King Avgar, ndipo kufotokozera kwake kunadza kwa ife kupyolera mu zikalata. Pali mfundo zingapo zofunika zomwe muyenera kumvetsera pamene mukuganizira chithunzi:
- Nkhani ndi zolemba zadindo zidatambasulidwa pamtengo wapatali ndipo chithunzichi ndi chithunzi chokha cha Yesu monga munthu. Mu mafano ena, Khristu amaimiridwa kapena ndi zikhumbo zina, kapena amachita zinthu zina.
- Chithunzi cha "Mpulumutsi Osapangidwa ndi Manja" chikuphunzitsidwa mokakamizidwa ku sukulu ya ojambula zithunzi. Kuonjezera apo, ayenera kupanga mndandanda ngati ntchito yawo yoyamba yodziimira.
- Pachizindikiro ichi Yesu akuyimiridwa ndi nimbus ya mtundu wotsekedwa, womwe ndi chizindikiro cha mgwirizano ndi kusonyeza kukwaniritsidwa kwa dziko lapansi.
- Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri cha chizindikiro "Mpulumutsi Osapangidwa ndi Manja" - nkhope ya Mpulumutsi imasonyezedwa mofanana, koma maso okhawo amamenyedwa pambali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chithunzicho chikhale chamoyo. Chithunzicho ndi chosiyana osati chifukwa chimasonyeza kusinthasintha kwa chirichonse chimene Mulungu adalenga.
- Nkhope ya Mpulumutsi sichisonyeza ululu kapena kuzunzika. Kuyang'ana chithunzichi mungathe kuona mtendere , kusinthanitsa ndi ufulu kuchokera kumverera kulikonse. Okhulupirira ambiri amamuona kuti ndiyekha "wokongola".
- Chithunzicho chikusonyeza kugwedeza, koma zithunzi siziwonetsera mutu, komanso mapewa, koma apa palibe. Izi zimatanthauziridwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kotero zimakhulupirira kuti mutu umasonyeza kufunika kwa moyo pa thupi, komanso umakumbutsa kuti chinthu chachikulu kwa mpingo ndi Khristu.
- Nthaŵi zambiri, nkhope imasonyezedwa kumbuyo kwa minofu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapepala. Pali zosankha pamene chithunzicho chikuwonetsedwa motsutsana ndi khoma lamatala. Mu miyambo ina, chingwechi chimakhala pa mapiko a angelo.
"Mpulumutsi Osapangidwa ndi Manja" Andrey Rublev
Wojambula wotchuka amaonetsa chiwerengero chachikulu cha mafano kudziko lapansi ndipo fano la Yesu Khristu linali lofunika kwambiri kwa iye. Mlembi ali ndi zizindikiro zake zomveka bwino, mwachitsanzo, kusintha kosavuta kwa mthunzi, zomwe zikusiyana kwambiri ndi zosiyana. Chithunzi chosonyeza "Mpulumutsi Osapangidwa ndi Manja", cholembedwa ndi Andrei Rublev, chimatsindika zofewa zapadera za moyo wa Khristu, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Chifukwa cha ichi, chithunzichi chimatchedwa "luminiferous". Chithunzi chomwe chikuyimiridwa ndi wojambula chinali chosiyana ndi miyambo ya Byzantine.
"Mpulumutsi Osapangidwa ndi Manja" Simon Ushakov
Mu 1658, wojambulayo adakhazikitsa ntchito yake yotchuka - nkhope ya Yesu "Mpulumutsi Osapangidwa ndi Manja". Chizindikirocho chinalembedwa ku nyumba ya amonke, yomwe ili ku Sergiev Posad. Ali ndi kukula kochepa - 53x42 masentimita. Chithunzi cha Simoni Ushakov "Mpulumutsi Osapangidwa ndi Manja" chinali chojambula pamtengo pogwiritsa ntchito tempera ndi wolemba ntchito polemba njira zamakono zomwe zinalipo nthawi imeneyo. Chithunzicho chikuwonetsedwa ndi kujambula kwathunthu kwa nkhope nkhope ndi kusintha kwa wakuda ndi woyera kwa voliyumu.
Kodi chimathandiza chithunzi "Mpulumutsi Osapangidwa ndi Manja"?
Chifanizo chachikulu cha Yesu Khristu chikhoza kukhala wotetezera wokhulupirika wa anthu, koma pa izi ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa kukambirana ndi pemphero. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa chizindikiro chomwe "Mpulumutsi Osapangidwa ndi Manja" amatetezera, ndiye kuti ndibwino kudziŵa kuti zimateteza matenda osiyanasiyana komanso zosiyana siyana zomwe zimachokera kwa munthu kunja. Kuonjezera apo, kupemphera chisanadze chithunzi cha kupulumutsa moyo, kwa anthu apamtima ndi ana. Kupempha mochokera pansi pamtima kudzawathandiza kukhala bwino, kupeza ntchito ndi kulimbana ndi nkhani zosiyanasiyana zadziko.
Pemphero "Ndidzapulumutsa Woyera"
Mukhoza kutchula fanoli m'mawu anu omwe, chinthu chachikulu ndikuchita ndi mtima wangwiro. Pemphero losavuta lomwe limadziwika kwa munthu aliyense wokhulupirira ndi "Atate Wathu". Anapatsidwa kwa anthu ndi Yesu mwiniwake pa moyo wake wapadziko lapansi. Palinso pemphero lina lophweka, "Ndipulumutsa Mpulumutsi", lomwe ndilolembedwa pansipa. Muwerenge tsiku ndi tsiku nthawi iliyonse pamene mtima ukufunikira.
Akathist "Ndidzapulumutsa Woyera"
Nyimbo yotamanda kapena akathist, monga momwe pemphero limagwiritsiridwa ntchito kutembenukira ku Mphamvu Zapamwamba kuti zithandize. Zitha kuwerengedwa pakhomo pawokha. Akathist "Sungani Malo Opatulika", omwe amamvetsera mwachidwi, amathandizira kuchotsa malingaliro oipa, kupeza thandizo losaoneka ndikukhulupilira nokha. Kumbukirani kuti kuyimba ikuyenera kuimirira, kupatulapo nthawi yapadera (pakakhala mavuto ndi thanzi).