M'magulu ambiri a mankhwala a kunyumba ndi mankhwala, cholinga ndi njira zomwe anthu samvetsa. Antihistamines imakhalanso ndi mankhwalawa. Ambiri odwala matendawa amasankha mankhwala awo, kuyeza mlingo komanso njira yopangira mankhwala, popanda kufunsa katswiri.
Antihistamines - ndi chiyani m'mawu osavuta?
Mawu awa nthawi zambiri samamvetsetsedwa bwino. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti izi ndi mankhwala opatsirana, koma ndizofunika kuti azitha kulandira matenda ena. Antihistamines ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa kuyankha kwa chitetezo cha mthupi ku zochitika zakunja. Izi siziphatikizapo zotsekula, komanso mavairasi, bowa ndi mabakiteriya (opatsirana opatsirana), poizoni. Malinga ndi mankhwala omwe amaletsa kuchitika kwa:
- bronchospasm ;
- edema wa mucous membrane wa mphuno ndi mmero;
- zofiira, zotupa pa khungu;
- kuyabwa;
- colic m'mimba ;
- kusokoneza kwambiri kwa chapamimba madzi;
- mitsempha yambiri ya magazi;
- minofu yamtundu;
- kutupa.
Kodi antihistamines amagwira ntchito bwanji?
Ntchito yaikulu yoteteza thupi la munthu imasewera ndi maselo oyera a m'magazi kapena maselo oyera. Pali angapo a iwo, chimodzi mwa zofunika kwambiri - maselo akuluakulu. Akamakula, amayendayenda kudzera m'magazi ndipo amaikidwa m'magulu amodzi, kukhala mbali ya chitetezo cha mthupi. Pamene zinthu zoopsa zimalowa m'thupi, maselo akuluakulu amatulutsa histamine. Ndi mankhwala oyenera kuti athetse kayendedwe kabwino ka m'mimba, mpweya wa metabolism ndi magazi. Kuwonjezera pake kumapangitsa kuti anthu asamvetse bwino.
Kwa mbiri ya histamine inakhumudwitsa zizindikiro, zimayenera kupangidwa ndi thupi. Kuti muchite izi, pali zizindikiro zapadera za H1, zomwe zimapezeka mkati mwa mitsempha ya mitsempha ya magazi, maselo a minofu yosalala ndi manjenje. Kodi antihistamines amagwira ntchito bwanji? Zosakaniza zothandizira mankhwalawa "zimanyenga" H1-receptors. Mapangidwe ndi mapangidwe awo ali ofanana kwambiri ndi chinthu chomwe chilipo. Mankhwala amapikisana ndi histamine ndipo amalowetsedwa ndi mapulogalamu m'malo mwake, popanda kuchititsa kukhumudwa.
Chotsatira chake, mankhwala omwe amachititsa zizindikiro zosadziwika amakhalabe m'magazi omwe alibe ntchito ndipo kenako amachotsedwa mwachibadwa. Mphamvu ya antihistamine imadalira kuti ndi angati H1-receptors amatha kuletsa mankhwala omwe atengedwa. Pa chifukwa ichi, nkofunika kuyamba mankhwala mwamsanga mutangoyamba kumene zizindikiro zoyamba za zovuta.
Ndikhoza kutenga nthawi yanji antihistamines?
Nthawi ya mankhwala imadalira mbadwo wa mankhwala ndi kuopsa kwa zizindikiro za matenda. Kutenga antihistamine kwa nthawi yaitali bwanji, dokotala ayenera kusankha. Mankhwala ena angagwiritsidwe ntchito masiku oposa asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu ndi limodzi (6-7), omwe amagwira ntchito zamakono a m'badwo wotsirizira ali ochepa poizoni, kotero angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa chaka chimodzi. Musanayambe kumwa ndikofunika kukaonana ndi katswiri. Antihistamines ikhoza kudziunjikira mu thupi ndikuyambitsa poizoni. Anthu ena amatenga mankhwalawa.
Nthawi zambiri ndingatenge antihistamines?
Ambiri opanga mankhwala omwe amawamasulira amawamasula pa mlingo woyenera, womwe umagwiritsa ntchito kamodzi patsiku. Funso la momwe mungatengere antihistamines, malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa kupezeka kwa mawonetseredwe oipa, akutsutsidwa ndi dokotala. Gulu lomwe limaperekedwa la mankhwala limatanthawuza njira zochiritsira za mankhwala. Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse pomwe pali zizindikiro za matenda.
Antihistamines yatsopano ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito monga kupewa. Ngati kukhudzana ndi allergen sikungapewe bwino (poplar fluff, ragweed maluwa, etc.), nkofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pasadakhale. Kudya koyambirira kwa antihistamines sikudzangowonjezera zizindikiro zosayenerera, koma kusawonetsa maonekedwe awo. Ma H1 receptors adzatsekedwa kale pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimafuna kuyamba chitetezo.
Antihistamines - Mndandanda
Chithandizo choyamba cha gululo chinapangidwa mu 1942 (Fenbenzamin). Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, kuphunzira kwambiri zinthu zomwe zingathe kulepheretsa mapulogalamu a H1 ayamba. Pakalipano, pali mibadwo inayi ya antihistamines. Njira zoyamba kumwa mankhwala sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri chifukwa cha zotsatira zoyipa komanso zoopsa pa thupi. Mankhwala amasiku ano amadziwika kuti ndi otetezeka komanso otuluka mwamsanga.
Antihistamines generation 1 - Lembani
Mtundu uwu wamagulu a zamagetsi ali ndi zotsatira zochepa (mpaka maola 8), amatha kumwa mankhwala, nthawi zina amachititsa kuti poizoni azipha. Antihistamines a m'badwo woyamba adakali wotchuka chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika mtengo komanso wotchulidwa. Maina a:
- Dedalon;
- Bicarfen;
- Suprastin;
- Diphenhydramine ;
- Tavegil;
- Diazoline;
- Choyimitsa;
- Diprazine;
- Lorediks;
- Pipolphen;
- Posachedwa;
- Dimebon;
- Cyproheptadine;
- Fenkarol;
- Phindu;
- Quifenadine;
- Dimetinden;
- Fenistil ndi ena.
Antihistamines mibadwo 2 - Lembani
Pambuyo pa zaka 35, choyamba choyamba cha H1-receptor chinamasulidwa popanda kutentha komanso zowononga thupi. Mosiyana ndi omwe analipo kale, antihistamines a m'badwo wachiwiri amagwira ntchito nthawi yaitali (maola 12-24), musamangokhala osokoneza bongo ndipo simudalira chakudya ndi mowa. Zimayambitsa zotsatira zoopsa kwambiri ndipo siziletsa zinyama zina m'matumbo ndi mitsempha ya magazi. Mzere watsopano wa antihistamines - lembani:
- Taldan;
- Claritin ;
- Astemizole;
- Terfenadine;
- Bronal;
- Allergodyl;
- Fexofenadine;
- Rupafin;
- Chowoneka;
- Loratadine;
- Mbiri;
- Zirtek;
- Ebastin;
- Astemysan;
- Claricens;
- Mbiri;
- Ichi;
- Semprex;
- Kestin;
- Acryvastine;
- Gismanal;
- Cetirizine;
- Levocabastine;
- Azelastine;
- Wake;
- Lorahexal;
- Claridol;
- Rupatadine;
- Lomilan ndi zofanana.
Antihistamines mibadwo itatu
Malingana ndi mankhwala apitalo, asayansi apeza stereoisomers ndi metabolites (zochokera). Poyamba antihistamines awa anali malo atsopano a mankhwala kapena m'badwo wachitatu:
- Glencet;
- Xizal;
- Chozer;
- Suprastinex;
- Fexophagus;
- Zodak Express;
- L-Cet;
- Lauratec;
- Fexadine;
- Erius;
- Dezal;
- Chosowa;
- Ambuye;
- Chithunzi;
- Mphunzitsi;
- Allegra.
Pambuyo pake mndandanda umenewu unayambitsa kutsutsana ndi kutsutsana kwasayansi. Kuti apange chisankho chomaliza pa ndalama zapamwambazi, gulu la akatswiri la mayesero odziimira okhaokha linasonkhana. Malingana ndi momwe chiwerengerochi chikuyendera, kukonzekera kuchokera m'badwo wachitatu zizindikiro siziyenera kusokoneza ntchito ya pakatikati ya mitsempha, imabweretsa zotsatira zoopsa pamtima, chiwindi ndi mitsempha ya magazi ndikugwirana ntchito ndi mankhwala ena. Malingana ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku, palibe mankhwala awa omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikirazi.
4 Generation Antihistamines - Mndandanda
M'zinthu zina, mtundu uwu wamagulu opanga mankhwala ndiwo Telfast, Suprastinex ndi Erius, koma izi ndi mawu olakwika. Antihistamines ya mibadwo inayi isanakonzedwe, komanso yachitatu. Pali mitundu yatsopano yokha komanso zowonjezereka za mankhwala ambuyomu. Zamakono kwambiri mpaka pano ndi mankhwala a chibadwo chachiwiri.
Antihistamines yabwino kwambiri
Kusankhidwa kwa ndalama kuchokera ku gulu lofotokozedwa kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi katswiri. Anthu ena ali oyenerera bwino chifukwa cha chibadwidwe chifukwa cha kusowa kwachisokonezo, odwala ena safunikira izi. Mofananamo, dokotala amalimbikitsa mtundu wa kumasulidwa kwa mankhwala malingana ndi zizindikiro. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amaperekedwa kwa zizindikiro za matendawa, nthawi zina, mungathe kuchita ndi ndalama zapakhomo.
Mapiritsi a Antihistamine
Mankhwala ovomerezeka ndi oyenera kuti athe kuchotsedwa mwadzidzidzi mawonetseredwe a matenda omwe amakhudza machitidwe ambiri a thupi. Antihistamines kuti alandire mkati amayamba kugwira ntchito mkati mwa ola limodzi ndipo amaletsa kutupa kwa mmero ndi ziwalo zina zamkati, kuchepetsa kuzizira, kulapa ndi zizindikiro za khungu.
Mapiritsi othandizira komanso otetezeka:
- Mphunzitsi;
- Alersis;
- Tsetril;
- Altiva;
- Mphukira;
- Chithunzi;
- Amertyl;
- Edeni;
- Fexophagus;
- Ichi;
- Allergomax;
- Zodak;
- Tigofast;
- Onse;
- Ichi;
- Eridez;
- Chowoneka;
- Zeilola;
- L-Cet;
- Alerzin;
- Glencet;
- Xizal;
- Chithunzi;
- Ambuye;
- Erius;
- Allergistop;
- Fribrys ndi ena.
Antihistamine akutsikira
Mu mawonekedwe awa, zokonzekera zapakati ndi zowonongeka zimapangidwa. Kutsetsereka kuchokera ku zovuta zowonongeka;
- Zirtek;
- Dezal;
- Fenistil;
- Zodak;
- Xizal;
- Nyumba yamalamulo;
- Wolemba;
- Allergonics ndi zofanana.
Antihistamine zokonzekera zam'mphuno:
- Tizin Allärji;
- Allergodyl;
- Lecrolin;
- Chithandizo;
- Sanorin Aneralgin;
- Vibrocil ndi ena.
Antiallergic imagwa m'maso:
- Opatanol;
- Zaditen;
- Allergodyl;
- Lecrolin;
- Nafkon-A;
- Chithandizo;
- Vizin;
- Izimil ndi zofanana.
Antihistamine mafuta odzola
Ngati matendawa amangooneka ngati ming†™ oma, khungu lopweteka komanso zizindikiro zina za m'mimba, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhawo. Antihistamines oterewa amagwira ntchito m'deralo, choncho nthawi zambiri sangawononge zotsatira zosafunikira ndipo sakhala oledzera. Mafuta abwino onunkhira angasankhidwe kuchokera mndandanda uwu:
- Nezulin;
- Soderm;
- Flucinar;
- Celestoderm B;
- Elokom;
- Mesoderm;
- Lorinden;
- Ine;
- Chithunzi;
- Chithandizo;
- Chipewa cha khungu;
- Fenistil;
- Belosalik;
- Sinaflan;
- Loloid;
- Gystan ndi zofanana.