Matenda opatsirana Anthrax amadziwika kuyambira kale. Masiku ano, sichimachitika, monga kale, chikhalidwe cha matenda a mthupi ndipo chimapezeka kumadera okhaokha. Mwachitsanzo, ku Russia, matendawa amakhala okwana 15 mpaka 50 chaka chilichonse, omwe ndi oposa 350 poyerekeza ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900.
Kodi anthrax ndi chiyani?
Matenda Anthrax mwa anthu ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mabakiteriya (Bacillus anthracis) ndipo amapezeka makamaka ngati mawonekedwe a khungu, pamene ma carbuncles amapanga khungu. Nthawi zambiri mungathe kukumana ndi matendawa mwa mawonekedwe a matenda a pulmonary kapena m'mimba ndi sepsis. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa matendawa ndipamwamba m'mapangidwe ndi m'mimba ndipo akhoza kufika 90%. Maonekedwe owoneka bwino ndi othandizira kuti athe kuchiritsidwa, koma ngati kulibe, chiŵerengero cha imfa ndi 5-10%
Chochititsa chidwi cha anthrax
Amagulu a Anthrax ndi mabakiteriya - Sibiriazvennye bacilli, omwe sagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa chilengedwe ndipo akhoza kukhala ngati spores mu zikopa zamtundu kapena nthaka kwa zaka zambiri. Ngati tilingalira mwatsatanetsatane, Siberian anthrax imayamba chifukwa cha B. Anthracis - timitengo tambiri, mpaka 10 μm m'litali ndi 1.5 μm m'mimba mwake. Akawoneka mu smear, amapezeka kawirikawiri ngati maunyolo kapena awiriawiri.
Anthrax - njira za matenda
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ndi nthendayi (ng'ombe, mbuzi, akavalo, ngamila, nkhosa) ndi nkhumba. Nyama zolephereka zimatulutsa bacilli kudzera m'mabala, mkodzo ndi chotupa. Pali njira zina zomwe zimatulutsira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Zakudya. Amayamba kudya nyama yonyansa, mkaka ndi mkaka wowawasa.
- Lumikizanani. Gulu loopsya - antchito omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi zinyama. Ali ndi kachilombo ka anthrax ndi kotheka pogwiritsa ntchito zikopa za nyama zakufa (izo zimadziwika kuti kachilombo ka anthrax ikhoza kukhala m'matumba kapena nthaka kwa zaka 10).
- Dothi lopanda mphamvu. Kugonjetsedwa ndi anthrax kumapezeka kudzera mu timapepala ta kupuma. Mu gulu loopseza - antchito a zikopa.
Anthrax - zizindikiro mwa anthu
Chizindikiro cha matenda owopsawa chimadalira mtundu wa anthrax. Maphunziro amasiku ano amasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya chipatala, yomwe tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane:
- khungu;
- zonsezi.
Komabe, mawonekedwe onsewa ali a mitundu itatu ndipo zizindikiro za mtundu uliwonse wa mtundu uli ndi zosiyana siyana:
- pulmonary;
- matumbo;
- septic.
Mtundu wa anthrax
Ndi mtundu uwu wa matendawa, zizindikiro zoyamba zikhoza kuwoneka tsiku lotsatira pambuyo pa kuyambira kwa spore anthrax, koma pali milandu pamene palibe mawonetseredwe a zochitika za spore zinkachitika kwa masabata awiri. Khungu la anthrax pachigawo choyamba likufanana ndi ululu pambuyo pa kuluma kwa udzudzu, koma m'tsogolomu pali zizindikiro zoterezi:
- ululu ndi kuyabwa;
- maonekedwe a vesicles, omwe kenako amasanduka zilonda zakuda ndipo amaphatikizidwa ndi kutupa;
- kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha;
- kusowa kudya;
- malingaliro;
- mutu;
- Lymph nodes yotentha .
Pambuyo pa mapangidwe a chilonda pambuyo pa masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi limodzi, pansi pake kumamira, ndipo pamphepete mwa vesicles ndi zinthu zopanda kanthu zimawonekera. Pamene chilondacho chimafika kukula kwa mamita 8 mpaka 15, chimakhala chomera cha anthrax. Ndi chithandizo cha panthaŵi yake komanso choyenera, nkhanambo imakhala m'malo mwa chilonda, chomwe chimagwa pambuyo pa milungu ingapo, koma nthawi yobwezera ikhoza kukhala yayitali.
Mtundu wa anthrax
Matenda Anthrax mu mapulmasi mawonekedwe ndi opweteka ndipo amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu kwa thanzi komanso moyo waumunthu. Infectology imasiyanitsa magawo awiri a matendawa mu mawonekedwe a pulmonary:
- Yoyamba imatha mpaka masabata awiri.
- Yachiŵiri imabwera mwadzidzidzi.
Anthrax, zizindikiro zomwe zimayambira pachiyambi cha pulmonary mawonekedwe zimatha kuyenda limodzi ndi zovuta zomwe zili m'chifuwa. M'tsogolomu, mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo umasokonekera bwino ndipo umapezeka:
- mpweya wochepa ;
- kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi (nthawi zambiri kumakhala zovuta);
- khungu la khungu;
- kuledzera;
- chills;
- tachypnea.
Pakapita nthawi, kupweteka mu chifuwa kumakula ndipo kumafanana ndi matenda a infarction pain. Kutupa kwa ma lymph node, chifuwa chimawonjezeka ku mfuti yamagazi. Ngati simukuyambitsa chithandizo cha panthawi yake ya matendawa, ndiye kuti izi zingayambitse imfa. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amafa pamapulisi apamwamba kapena popanda chithandizo ndi 90%.
Mtundu wamatumbo wa anthrax
Symptomatology, yomwe imawonedwa m'mimba yamatumbo, ingakhale yosiyana kwambiri ndipo iyi ndi ngozi yake. Njira yokhayokha ya matendawa imayambitsa mawonekedwe osanyalanyazidwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amatha phokoso. Mu mawonekedwe amenewa kawirikawiri amakhudzidwa ndi mucosa wa matumbo okha, zilonda zingathe kuwonedwa pamatumbo ndi m'mimba. Zizindikiro zazikulu za m'mimba ndizo:
- kuwonjezera kupweteka m'mimba;
- kusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba ndi magazi;
- kunyoza ndi malungo;
- kusowa kwathunthu kwa njala;
- mu masiku 3-4 (pambuyo poti spores za chilonda cha Siberia zimagunda mucosa), ascites akhoza kukula;
- chisokonezo;
- Imfa ikhoza kuchitika patangotha masiku awiri kuchokera pa chiyambi cha zizindikiro.
Mtundu wa anthrax wa Septic
Matenda Anthrax ali ndi mawonekedwe ena. Fomu iyi ndi yachiwiri (mabakiteriya a anthrax ndiwo amachititsa matendawa mwa mitundu ina) ndipo amasinthidwa kuchokera m'mimba ndi m'mapapo, mosavuta - odulidwa. Zizindikiro zazikulu za mawonekedwe a septic:
- zovuta;
- chotsitsa;
- kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa thupi;
- kupweteka ndi kupweteka pachifuwa;
- mpweya wochepa;
- kunyoza ndi kusanza;
- kupenya pa chifuwa cholimba.
Kuzindikira kwa anthrax
Matenda Anthrax kwambiri ndi othandizira kuchipatala, poyamba anawululidwa. Kufufuza kwa matenda a anthrax kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo, zomwe zimamaliza chidziwitso chothandizidwa ndi maphunziro ena.
- Njira ya bacteriological. Sankhani mauthenga apadera pa kufesa ndipo patatha masiku angapo tipeze koloni yatsopano yatsopano ya mabakiteriya.
- Khungu ndi mayeso oyenera. Mu njira ya kafufuzidwe, anthracin (antigen) imawonekera pakhungu. Mayeso abwino amasonyeza kupezeka mu thupi la thupi la ma antibodies kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Amapatsira nyama za ma laboratori ndipo, atatha kufa, amadzipatula ndikudziŵa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa matenda ndi imfa.
- Microscopy ya zakuthupi. Kuchokera ku vesicles ndi zilonda zamagazi mumatenge ndi kusunga zinthu pansi pa microscope. Ngati anthrax ilipo, mabakiteriya ake opangidwa ndi ndodo adzakhala omveka bwino.
Anthrax mu mankhwala
Ngati "Anthrax" ikupezeka, chithandizo chiyenera kuyamba mwamsanga, chomwe kwenikweni chikhoza kufa. Chithandizo chikuchitika m'chipatala pokhapokha atathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ovuta.
- etiotropic (penicillin);
- Immunological (kuyambira kwa seramu);
- (cholinga chochepetsera kuledzera, kutupa ndi kusintha kwa coagulability ya magazi).
Pamodzi ndi izi zikulimbikitsidwa:
- Kuyamba kwa anti-STI immunoglobulin (malingana ndi kuuma kwa dziko kuyambira 20 mpaka 80 ml).
- Ndi mawonekedwe a mbola, kuvala kwa aseptic kwakhala kobvuta kwambiri, chifukwa opaleshoni yopangidwira mu mawonekedwe awa samachitidwa chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa kupangitsa khungu kukhala lachibadwa.
- Akatswiri amalankhulanso za kufunika kokhala ndi mphamvu zowonongeka pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti Prednisolone iwonjezedwe. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ma diuresis amakakamizidwa (njira yomwe imachotsa msampha mwamsanga kuchokera ku thupi kumatulutsa kuchotsa poizoni ndi mankhwala ena osatetezeka, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo).
Anthrax - maantibayotiki
Matenda a Etiotropic a matendawa ndi mankhwala a penicillin mu anthrax, omwe amathandiza kwambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda B. Anthracis. Monga mwalamulo, pakati pa mankhwala oyenera kwambiri:
- Penicillin (mwachisawawa kwa masiku 7-8 pa mlingo tsiku lililonse wa ma unit 12-24 miliyoni);
- Doxycycline (mwazizolowezi zozoloŵera);
- Levofloxacin (500 mg kamodzi tsiku lililonse);
- Ciprofloxacin imakhala yovuta kwambiri (kawiri pa tsiku kwa 400 mg).
Pa milandu yoopsa kwambiri, mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki amachitidwa intravenously kwa milungu ingapo. Kwa anthu omwe akhala akukumana ndi omwe ali ndi matenda a anthrax, amafunika kupereka mankhwala opatsirana odwala ma ARV. Mwa mankhwala omwe antibiotic omwe Bacillus anthracis amavomereza kwambiri, zotsatirazi (kuphatikizapo zatchulidwa kale) zingadziŵike kuti:
- Gatifloxacin;
- Chloramphenicol;
- Amoxicillin ;
- Ampicillin.
Seramu motsutsana ndi anthrax
Antisibiotic immunoglobulin kwenikweni imaphatikizapo zovuta zothandizira ku Siberia anthrax. Lili ndi ma antibodies oyenerera kuti awononge bacilli, ali ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti antibacterial action ayambe ndipo sagwiritsanso bwino zochita za anthrax poizoni. Mpaka lero, immisilobini ya Antisiberian ndiyo seramu yothandiza kwambiri.
Asanatuluke seramu, zitsanzo zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe kukula kwa umunthu kwa mapuloteni a seramu (mwa intradermal administration ndi zotsatira zake). Seramu imayikidwa osati mwamsanga, koma mkati mwa ola limodzi - ndi nthawi ya mphindi 15 (2-3 nthawi) intramuscularly. Pambuyo pake, wodwala ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri kwa nthawi yochuluka.
Kupewa Anthrax
Monga momwe tikudziwira, chilonda cha Siberia ndi matenda omwe alowa m'thupi la munthu monga kachilombo ka anthrax, motero nkofunikira kutenga zowononga, makamaka kwa gulu loopsya. Njira zothandizira zimapangidwa ndi zofukula zinyama ndi zowonongeka zokhudzana ndi:
- Nkhani yokhudza malo omwe matenda amtundu umenewu amachitikira;
- Kulamulira zodyetsa ng'ombe ndi matenda awo;
- katemera wa nyama zomwe zingakhale zotengera matenda;
- Kulamulira malo odyetserako ziweto komanso malo osiyanasiyana.
Ngati tikulankhula za njira zothandizira, zomwe zakhala zikuchitika mwachindunji, izi ndi izi:
- Kuchekera kuchipatala kwa wodwala amene akuganiza kuti ndi anthrax. Kuwoneka kwa wodwala wotere ndi chithandizo chake chapangidwa ndi gulu lapadera la madokotala.
- Odwala amasulidwa pokhapokha atachira.
- Matupi a anthu omwe anafa ndi Anthrax samatsegula anthu. Milandu yapadera, ndondomeko imachitidwa ndi dokotala wamkulu, motsogozedwa ndi disinfection yonse ya chipinda.
Inoculation kuchokera ku anthrax
Katemera wotsutsana ndi Anthrax umagwira ntchito ngati munthu ali ndi chiyanjano choyang'anizana ndi nyama kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha ntchito zamalonda, amagwira ntchito yophera, amagwirizana ndi zipangizo zochokera ku nyama. Kwa gulu la anthu omwe amasonyeza katemera wa anthrax, iwo amaphatikizapo omwe ali ndi zokhudzana ndi zipangizo zoipitsidwa. Katemera amachitika panthawi yake.
Zotsutsana ndi katemera ndizo:
- mankhwala;
- Matenda opatsirana komanso osagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- matenda oopsa a magazi;
- matenda a endocrine;
- phwando la glucocorticosteroids;
- Matenda achilendo a khungu ndi mawonekedwe ogwirizana;
- mimba ndi nthawi ya lactation;
- ali ndi zaka 14.