- Adilesi: kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa nyanja ya Dead Sea, Israel;
- Maola ogwira ntchito: tsiku lililonse kuyambira 8:00 mpaka 17:00;
- Website: parks.org.il;
- Foni: +972 8-658-4207.
Mu Israeli, zokopa zambiri zikugwirizana ndi mbiri yovuta ya Ayuda, kuvutika kwake kwamuyaya, kudzipereka kwa mtundu wake ndi chikhulupiriro chosatha mu tsogolo losangalatsa. Koma pali malo amodzi amodzi mwachipembedzo, omwe adakhala chizindikiro chosayimirira cha kulimba mtima ndi kulimba mtima kosawerengeka kwa Ayuda. Awa ndiwo malo a Massada. Amadzikweza pamwamba pa Dera la Yudeya ndi Nyanja Yakufa , kusunga mbiri yakale kukhala yopatulika. Chaka chilichonse anthu zikwizikwi ochokera kudziko lonse lapansi amabwera kuno kudzapereka ulemu kwa ankhondo opanda mantha, omwe mpaka omalizira amateteza malo awo, komanso amasangalala ndi malingaliro odabwitsa omwe amatsegulidwa pamwamba pa phiri.
Chidziwitso chodziwika ndi mfundo zochititsa chidwi
Kodi ndi chodabwitsa chotani panyumbayi?
- malo a linga la Massada - kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Nyanja Yakufa (Southern District);
- tawuni yapafupi ndi Arad (pafupifupi makilomita 20);
- Kuyambira m'chaka cha 2001, malowa anaphatikizidwa m'ndandanda wa malo a UNESCO World Heritage;
- Zing'onoting'ono za chipululu chapafupi pa msonkhanowu ndi 550 × 270 m;
- kutalika - mamita 450 pamwamba pa nyanja;
- makulidwe a khoma lachinga - mamita 4;
- Dzina la nkhono linachokera ku mawu akuti "tabled", omwe m'Chiaramu amatanthawuza "kulimbikitsa", "malo otetezeka";
- mu 2005 imodzi mwa mbewu za mndandanda yomwe inapezeka pa zofukula za Masada zinakula (lero mtengo uli ndi mamita 2.5);
- kumayambiriro kwa zaka 80-mkulu wa Hollywood adatenga pafupi ndi malo a masewera a Massada (zojambulazo zambiri zinkachitika molunjika paphiri ndi pafupi ndi phazi lake);
- akuluakulu a IDF asanabwere ku linga lakale kuti apereke lumbiro, lomwe linatha ndi mzere wochokera ku ndakatulo ya Yitzhak Lamdan - "Massada sadzagwa" (mwambo uwu ukuchitika tsopano ku Latrun).
Mbiri ya linga
Woyamba kukwera phiri lalitali kuchokera ku gombe la Nyanja Yakufa anali Ahasmonea. Iwo anamanga kuno mtundu wina wa mipanda m'zaka za m'ma 30 BC. e. Patapita kanthawi, Herode Wamkulu anayamba kulamulira ku Yudeya, yemwe ankadziwika ndi malingaliro ake. Nthawi zonse ankawoneka kuti ziwembu zinali kuyenda mozungulira, ndipo wina ankafuna kumupha. Pofuna kuteteza banja lake, mfumuyo inalamula kukonzekera phirilo pamwamba pa phiri, ndikuchita ndi chifumu. Kumapeto kwa zomangamanga, malo osungirako nyumba akufanana ndi khalala. Zinali ngati mzinda wawung'ono. Panali nyumba zingapo, nyumba zosungiramo katundu ndi zida, njira yowonjezera madzi, madzi osambira ndi ozizira, masewera, sunagoge ndi zina zambiri.
Ponena za tanthauzo la mbiri yakale ya nsanja ya Massada idayankhula kokha pakati pa theka la zaka za m'ma 1900, pamene wofufuza wina wotchuka E. Robinson anadziwika m'mabwinja a paphiri pafupi ndi Nyanja Yakufa zotsalira za nyumba yokhala ndi mbiri yomwe Josephus analemba m'buku lake lotchuka lakuti The Jewish War.
Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amapanga ndondomeko yoyenerera ya linga, pambuyo pofufuza kufufuza kwina kwa zinthu zina ndi m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, potsiriza, linga la Massada linatenga malo ake olemekezeka pakati pa zochitika za Israeli. Mu 1971, adamanga galimoto yoloza phazi komanso pamwamba pa phirilo.
Kodi mungachite chiyani mumzinda wa Massada?
Chombo chochititsa chidwi kwambiri chakale, chomwe chapulumuka, ngakhale mu mawonekedwe osiyana, ndi Northern Palace ya Herode Wamkulu . Tinamangapo mbali zitatu pathanthwe. Kusiyana kwa kutalika pakati pa pansi kunali pafupi mamita 30. Kulowera kunyumba yachifumu kunali pamwamba. Panalinso zipinda zogona, nyumba yolowera, malo osanja ozungulira, ndi zipinda zingapo za antchito.
Chigawo chapakati chinali nyumba yayikulu yopangira miyambo. Chipinda chapansi chinaperekedwa kwa alendo ndi kupumula. Herode anamanga holo yaikulu yokhala ndi zipilala, malo osambira ndi mabedi osambira.
Kuwonjezera pa North Palace, kumalo osungirako a Masada muli nyumba zina zosungidwa. Zina mwa izo:
- Nyumba yachifumu yakumadzulo ndi nyumba yaikulu kwambiri pamapiri (malo okwana 4,000 km²), zidutswa zazithunzi, malo osungiramo malo komanso ofesi, malo osambira, mafumu ndi malo osonkhanitsira maofesiwa amasungidwa pano;
- nyumba yokhala ndi mpanda wokhala ndi mpanda wazitali mamita 1400 kuzungulira pafupi ndi mapiri onse (phiri lokhalo lomwe silinali lopangidwa ndi North Palace, koma silinkafuna chitetezo chowonjezera, chifukwa sizingatheke kuyandikira pafupi chifukwa cha malo ake abwino - pamtunda thanthwe);
- Malo ogulitsa - ali kumalo a nsanja ya Massada, pali pafupifupi 15 (mkati mwa zakudya zosungidwa ndi zida);
- Sunagoge ndi mmodzi mwa akale kwambiri mu Israeli yense (omwe poyamba ankakhulupirira kuti Ayuda anayamba kumanga masunagoge kokha atatha kuwonongedwa kwa Kachisi Wachiwiri, koma mabwinja omwe anapeza pa malo opempherera ku Massada adatsutsa izi).
Komanso, kudutsa m'mabwinja akale, mudzawona zotsalira za miyambo ya mikvah , maenje otha kusonkhanitsa madzi a mvula , miyala yamchere , dovecote ndi nyumba zina, mungathe kupanga zithunzi zochititsa chidwi zogonjetsa nsanja ya Massada, Nyanja Yudeya ndi Nyanja Yakufa.
Chidziwitso kwa alendo
- kukwera kungakhale pa "Njira ya njoka" kapena, pogwiritsa ntchito funicular (ili kumbali ya kummawa);
- Kuyenda kumatenga mphindi pafupifupi 45-60;
- Mtengo wa ulendo uliwonse pa phiri: ndi kukweza kwaokha, tikiti wamkulu imadola $ 6, mwana amadola $ 3.5, utumiki wotsogola + ndalama zokwana madola 17, $ 9, kwa ana;
- Mtengo wokwera maulendo pagulu: ndi kukweza payekha, tikiti wamkulu iyenera ndalama zokwana madola 5.5, $ 3, maulendo othandizira + akuluakulu amawononga $ 16, ana a $ 9;
- mtengo waulendo waukulu ku Masada National Park (popanda funicular) - akulu 12.5, kwa ana - 6;
- pitani kumzinda wa Massada nthawi iliyonse ya chaka: kuyambira October mpaka March, khomo limatsegulidwa kuyambira 8:00 mpaka 16:00, kuyambira April mpaka September kuyambira 08:00 mpaka 17:00;
- Zosangalatsa zimayenda tsiku lililonse, kupatula Lachisanu, mpaka 16:00 (m'nyengo yozizira mpaka 15:00);
- pansi pa phiri pali malo odziwa zambiri, cafe, museum;
- Mungathe kupeza malo mu hotelo yaing'ono (kumbali yakum'maŵa);
- pa maholide ndi Lachisanu, madesiki a ndalama amatsekedwa ola limodzi kale;
- Kuyambira March mpaka Oktoba Lachisanu ndi Lachinayi ku Masada National Park, kuwonetserako masewera olimbitsa thupi, nthawi yomwe ikuchitika, akudziwikiratu kumalo osungirako nkhondo (mungathe kukafika ku Arad, tikiti yakale imawononga $ 11.5 , ana - $ 9.5).
Kodi mungapeze bwanji?
Mzinda wa Massada ukhoza kuyandikira kuchokera kumbali ziwiri: kuchokera ku Arad (pamsewu wa No. 3199) komanso kuchokera kummawa kumbali ya msewu womwe umachokera ku Highway 90. Kulikonse pali zizindikiro, ndipo pansi pa phiri pali malo akuluakulu oyendetsa magalimoto, kotero ngati mukupita ku makina, sipadzakhala mavuto.
Mukhoza kupeza ndalama zambiri - poyendetsa galimoto kuchokera ku Yerusalemu , Eilat , Neve Zohar, Ein Gedi. Pa kuchoka ku Highway 90 pali mabasi (mabasi No. 384, 421, 444 ndi 486). Koma kumbukirani kuti mpaka ku Phiri la Masada adzafunika kupita kuposa 2 km.