Asayansi atsimikizira kuti aliyense angathe kulankhula pa foni ndi achibale ake omwe anamwalira!
Thomas Alva Edison kwa zaka 84 za moyo wake wapanga zinthu zoposa 4,000 zomwe anazipeza ndi zowonjezera, zomwe ambiri mwa anthu akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mwakhama kwambiri. Ali ndi zaka 22 adalonjeza kuti adzalenga chinthu chimodzi chochepa masiku khumi ndi awiri, ndipo miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndizofunika kudziwa za sayansi. Thomas sanalekerere zomwe zinakonzedweratu. Anabwera ndi pepala lamagetsi la masankho, telegraph, galamafoni, nyali yamoto, jenereta ya magetsi. Koma kupeza kosavuta kwambiri ndi zachilendo, mwinamwake, kungatchedwe tchuthi la Edison, lomwe lero akuyesera kuti lisakumbukire ...
Kodi analankhulana motani ndi mizimu pamaso pa Edison?
Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, magawo a mizimu afala ku Ulaya ndi ku Russia. Ankakonda anthu onse olemera komanso eni nyumba, omwe ankaitana olankhula nawo kuti azisangalala ndi alendo pamisonkhano. Pozindikira kuti kuli kovuta kuti apeze ndalama, anthu okonda ndalama amalengeza ntchito zawo, kupereka mwayi wokhala nawo pakati poyankhula ndi pambuyo pa moyo. Ndife ochepa chabe omwe angayanjane ndi wakufayo ndikufotokoza zochepa kwambiri za moyo wawo, achibale ndi abwenzi odabwitsa. Gawo lauzimu silinayende bwino nthawi zonse: zinachitika kuti ophunzira awo anafa chifukwa cha khunyu kapena matenda a mtima.
Nchifukwa chiyani Edison amakhulupirira kuti dukhofon idzagwira ntchito?
Thomas, yemwe anali kumanga moyo wake wonse, anamanga pakompyuta. Mitundu yonse yamakono ya telegraph ndi telefoni inakhala tanthauzo la kukhalapo kwake. Anamukakamiza kwambiri kuti Edison amakhulupirira kuti n'kotheka kupanga mzere kudzera mwa mizimu ya anthu omwe anamwalira ikhoza kufika kwa achibale awo. Zodabwitsa, koma sanakhulupirire ku gehena ndi kumwamba, komanso sanakhulupirire kuti kusintha kwa miyoyo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Edison adanena poyera kuti adali ndi chidaliro pakugawidwa kwa mizimu m'chilengedwe pambuyo pa kutha kwa moyo wapadziko lapansi. Kodi adatha bwanji kugwirizana ndi sayansi ndikukayikira zokhudzana ndi zamoyo za pambuyo pa moyo?
Mu October 1920, adanena poyera kuti ntchito ya Dukhobon inayamba. Pokonzekera kuti apangidwe, anayamba ndi makalata ndi wolemba mabuku wa ku Britain, William Cook, yemwe ali ndi mwayi wapadera wokwera pafilimu. William sanasonyeze aliyense chithunzi kupatula Tomasi. Mwachiwonekere, iwo anasangalatsa wasayansi kwambiri kuti amakhulupirira mu moyo pambuyo pa imfa.
Pokhala ndi chidaliro pa ntchito ya telegraph yodziwika bwino, Edison anatsimikizira kuti mwachirengedwe kusinthanitsa kwa chidziwitso kumachitika pa mphamvu ya magetsi. Tomasi anazindikira kuti zonse zomwe zimafunikira chozizwitsa ndi foni yosungunula yomwe ingagwire zizindikiro zosaonekera kwa iwo omwe mzimu wawo wakhala utachoka mnofu. Foni yam'manja nthawi zonse imakhala yovuta kwambiri kwa miyoyo yosaoneka.
Kodi dukhofon inali chiyani?
Pamene ntchito pa zipangizo zoyankhulirana ndi mizimu idatha, Thomas anakonza zokambirana zenizeni. Iye adawawonetsa alankhuli a dukhofon ndikuwauza za iye. Zinatenga makilogalamu 8 a golide, makilogalamu 20 a siliva ndi 200 g platinamu kuti apange. Mankhwala ena okwana 300 makilogalamu ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pa waya. Ofesi yapaulendoyo inayang'ana mwatsatanetsatane wa dukhofon ndipo inapereka chilolezo cha ntchito yake. Pambuyo pake, foni ikutsata zonunkhira inatayika m'mbiri ...
Nchifukwa chiyani a dukhofon adalira mu 2009?
Edison atangotsala pang'ono kufa, Edison anagwirizana ndi katswiri wina wotchedwa William Walter Dinuiddi kuti wofayo woyamba adzatcha winayo "kumbali ina" ndikufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za moyo wam'tsogolo. Palibe amene amadziwa ngati kuitanidwa kukudziwika ndi zotsatira zake. Mu 2004, Federal Patent Office inafotokozera zolembedwa zakale zapitazo ndipo antchito ake adapeza chikalata chovomerezeka pa chiwerengero cha WW 345-S 444 poti dukhofon inali kugwira ntchito.
Wasayansi wa ku Canada dzina lake Shemon Kagan, amene adagwira nawo ntchitoyi, adapeza opereka chithandizo chodziwika bwino, okonzeka kupereka $ 2 miliyoni kuti apeze chipangizochi, ngati sakudziwika. Ndani angakhale ndi chidwi ndi zochitika izi kwambiri moti anayenera kubisala awo? Zimanenedwa kuti pakati pa omwe akuthandizira pakhomo angakhale ndi ntchito yapadera kapena atsogoleri apamwamba.
Ndalama ikhoza kuthetsa mavuto ambiri, kotero othandizira mwamsanga anapereka kabuku ka dukhofon, imodzi yomwe idasungidwa ndi achibale a Edison ku Delhi, ndipo yachiŵiri - kuchokera kwa achibale a Dinuiddi, yemwe amakhala ku New York. Dukhofons sankagwirizananso ndi foni, chifukwa mawonekedwe ake akale anali opanda pake.
Pofika chaka cha 2009, asayansi amasiku ano adatha kupanga chipangizo chopangira chipangizo kuti agwirizane ndi Doukhofon ku foni yam'manja. Madzulo a chilimwe, asayansi amapanga imodzi mwa ma dukhofons, amaikonza ndi zipangizo zojambulira mafilimu ndi magetsi kuti azitsatira kuwala kwa magetsi. Koma iwo sanathe kugona usiku umenewo. Kuimbira kwenikweni kunayambira: iwo ankawerenga zidutswa 120! Kuti atsimikizire kuti alidi oona, mboni za zomwe zinachitika zinali kutenga foni imodzi panthawi.
"Khalani ndi foni usiku uno. Ndine nkhawa. Mukuchita bizinesi yoopsa. "
Ilo linali liwu lomveka bwino la agogo aakazi a Shemon Kagan mu chubu.
Inde, ambiri posachedwa amatchedwa achibale a antchito a labotale omwe amatchedwa. Mwachitsanzo, Maria Penrose, amatha kulankhulana momasuka ndi amayi omwe akuchedwa. Mkaziyo anali ndi chidwi ndi moyo wa mwana wake wamkazi, ankagawana nawo maphikidwe ophikira komanso anapereka malangizo okhudza ntchito ndi moyo waumwini. Ndikudabwa ngati posachedwa padzakhala anthu omwe akufuna kubwereza zomwe asayansi akudziwa pa achibale awo?